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    CH 3 Classification

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    RaKa aJJa
    Scientists classify organisms based on their evolutionary relationships and similarities. Organisms that are more closely related share more classification groups. Modern classification systems are based on evidence like anatomy, DNA, and evolutionary history. Scientists use binomial nomenclature with genus and species names to consistently classify organisms in all languages. As knowledge increases, classification systems continue to be refined.

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    CH 3 Classification

    Uploaded by

    RaKa aJJa
    36 views29 pages
    Scientists classify organisms based on their evolutionary relationships and similarities. Organisms that are more closely related share more classification groups. Modern classification systems are based on evidence like anatomy, DNA, and evolutionary history. Scientists use binomial nomenclature with genus and species names to consistently classify organisms in all languages. As knowledge increases, classification systems continue to be refined.

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    Ch 3 Classification

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    Scientists classify organisms based on their evolutionary relationships and similarities. Organisms that are more closely related share more classification groups. Modern classification systems are based on evidence like anatomy, DNA, and evolutionary history. Scientists use binomial nomenclature with genus and species names to consistently classify organisms in all languages. As knowledge increases, classification systems continue to be refined.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    36 views29 pages

    CH 3 Classification

    Uploaded by

    RaKa aJJa
    Scientists classify organisms based on their evolutionary relationships and similarities. Organisms that are more closely related share more classification groups. Modern classification systems are based on evidence like anatomy, DNA, and evolutionary history. Scientists use binomial nomenclature with genus and species names to consistently classify organisms in all languages. As knowledge increases, classification systems continue to be refined.

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    of 29

    Biology

    Chapter 3
    Classification
    3.1 Why Things are Grouped
    Why Things are Grouped
     Classify: group
    things together
    based on
    similarities
    Classifying in Everyday Life

     What things do we
    classify?
    How Grouping Helps Us
     Easier to find
     Share traits (feature
    that a thing has)
     Faster
    Biology
    Chapter 3
    Classification
    3.2 Methods of Classification
    Early Classification
     Aristotle (Greek,
    lived about 2000
    years ago)
     First to classify
    living things
     All living thing into
    two groups
    Plants
     herbs- small, soft
    stems
     shrubs- medium
    size, many trunks
     trees- tall, one trunk
    Animals
     live in water
     live on land
     live in air
    Problems with this plan
     some living things
    fit into more than
    one group
     some living things
    change groups as
    they grow and
    develop
     Used until 1700’s
    The Beginnings of Modern
    Classification
     Carolus Linnaeus
    (Swedish, 1735)
     Classified plants and
    animals into more
    groups
     Based system on
    specific traits
     Gave name to
    organisms that
    described their trait-
    2 part name
    Seven Classification Groups

    kingdom- king
    phylum- Phillip
    class- came
    order- over
    family- from
    genus- Germany
    species- swimming
    Two word names are genus and
    species
    People are
    Homo sapiens
    Biology
    Chapter 3
    Classification
    3.3 How Scientists Classify Things
    Classify Based on How
    Organisms Are Related
     The more closely
    related organisms
    are the more groups
    they share
     Compare cat, lion,
    deer, and octopus
    Tables 3-2 through
    3-5 p. 56-57
    Classification Chart
    House Cat Dog
    Kingdom: Animalia Animalia
    Phylum: Chordata Chordata
    Class: Mammalia Mammalia
    Order: Carnivora Carnivora
    Family: Felidae Canidae
    Genus: Felis Canis
    Species: Felis catus Canis familiaris
    Other Evidence Used in
    Classifying
     Evolutionary history
     The ancestors that
    organisms share
     Similar body
    structures
    Other Evidence Used in
    Classifying
    Body Chemistry
     How similar are
    proteins (blood)
     How similar is DNA
    (DNA fingerprinting)
    Scientific Names Came From
    Classification
    Scientific names-
    Genus species
     Designed by
    Linnaeus
     Genus- always
    capitalized
     species- always
    lower case
     In Latin so italics or
    underline
    Scientific Names Came From
    Classification
     Sometimes
    scientific names
    sound like common
    names
     Gorilla gorilla
     Giraffa
    camelopadalis
    Why Scientific Names Are Used
     No mistakes
     Common names occur
    for more than one type
    of organism, hawks Fig.
    3-9 p. 60
     Scientific names
    seldom change
     Scientific names are
    written in the same
    language (Latin)
    Classification of Kingdoms
     Two kingdoms- Aristotle and Linnaeus
    had plants and animals
     Then 3 kingdoms- plants, animals, and
    protists
     Then 5 kingdoms, plants, animals,
    protists, fungi, and monerans (bacteria)
     Now 6 kingdoms (started in 2000, not in
    your textbook)
    Archaebacteria
    (formerly Moneran)
     Live in extreme
    environments- hot,
    salt
     No nucleus or
    other cell parts
     One celled
     Unique cell wall
    and membrane
     Unique cell
    processes
    Eubacteria
    (formerly Moneran)
     No nucleus or other
    cell parts
     One celled
     More common
    bacteria
     Live in many places
    Protists
     Mostly one celled, some
    are many celled
     Nucleus and other cell
    parts
     Some like plants (algae:
    producers)
     Some like animals
    (protozoans:
    consumers)
     Some like fungi
    (decomposers)
    Fungi
     Have nucleus and
    other cell parts
     Multicellular except
    yeast
     Have cell walls
     Decomposers
    (absorb food)
    Plants
     Nucleus and other
    cell parts
     Multicellular
     Have chlorophyll for
    photosynthesis
     Have cell wall (don’t
    move)
    Animals
     Nucleus and other
    cell parts
     Multicellular
     Eat- consumers
     Move from place to
    place
    Classification Changes
     Classification
    changes as we learn
    more about
    organisms and their
    relationship to each
    other.

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