DATA

INTERPRETATION
DEPARTMENT OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT
 Introduction
Data interpretation is a way to organize and present a large
volume of data into a compact and precise form.
Useful tips:
1) Read the question carefully.
2) Analyze the data Carefully.
3) Don’t worry about too much data.
4) Pay close attention to the units used.
5) Learn to Approximate.
6) Learn to skim through data.
 Approximation:
Approximation is a technique, which is used to find the
solution quickly by rounding off to the nearest integer,
rather than solving for the exact values.
Let us understand the concept of this technique better with the help of
the following examples.

Example 1: Find the approximate value of (13.001)3.

a.1900 b.2200 c.2000 d.1800

Solution: 13.001 is approximately equal to 13.

So, instead of finding the cube of 13.001 we can simply find the cube of 13
and tick the answer nearest to that value.
Now, cube of 13 is 2197 and in options we have 2200, which is nearest to
2197 so the correct answer is option (b).
Example 2: What should replace the question mark in the following
equation?
55.003 × 54.998 + 5.003 =?
a.3500 b.3630 c.2540 d.3030

Solution: 55.003 is approximately equal to 55 as well as 54.998 is also

approximately equal to 55.
At the same time, 5.003 is close to 5.
So, the equation reduces to the form 55 × 55 + 5 = 3025 + 5 = 3030.
 Approximation should be used when the
options in the question are NOT close enough.
Q.1: 10303.88 ÷ 55.94 + 62.95 = ?
A. 247 B. 250 C. 260 D. 220

Q.2: 134% of 3894 + 38.94 of 134 = ?

A. 11452 B. 10000 C. 10452 D. 1100

1. Option A

2. Option C
 Average
Average is basically the Arithmetic mean of given items.
Mathematically,
Arithmetic Mean = average = Sum of terms/ No. of terms.
Example 1: Find the arithmetic mean of first five prime
numbers.

Solution: First five prime numbers are 2, 3, 5, 7 and 11. The

mean or the average formula is = Sum/no. = (2 + 3 + 5 + 7
+11)/5 = 5.6.
Example 2: Find the average of 56, 41, 59, 52, 42 and 44.

Solution: If the given items are very close to each other, a shortcut may
be used instead of applying the average formula. Assume that the
average is 50, as the terms are around 50 only. Now calculating the
difference of all items with 50, you are getting + 6, - 9, +9, + 2, - 8, - 6.
Now, if you add these numbers, the result comes out to be - 6. That
implies this - 6 will be equally distributed among all the terms and
every term will be reduced by - 6/6 = - 1 i.e. average will be reduced by
1. Thus the real average will be 50 - 1 = 49.
Q.1: The average age of M boys is ‘b’ years and of ‘n’ girls ‘c’
years. The average age of all together is?

A. (mb – nc)/ (m + n) years

B. (mb + nc)/ (m - n) years
C. (mb + nc)/ (m + n) years
D. (mb – nc)/ (m - n) years

Ans. Option C
1. What is the average amount of interest per year which the company had to
pay during this period?
A.Rs. 32.43 lakhs B.Rs. 33.72 lakhs C.Rs. 34.18 lakhs D.Rs. 36.66 lakhs
 Ratio
The ratio of two quantities a and b in the same units, is the
fraction  and we write it as a : b.
In the ratio a : b, we call a as the first term
or antecedent and b, the
second term or consequent.

For example : The ratio 5 : 9 represents 5/9 with antecedent

= 5, consequent = 9.
1. What is the ratio between male employees in Administration and Printing
Departments respectively?
A. 7 : 4 B. 4 : 7 C. 3 : 4 D. 7 : 3

DEPARTMENT OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT

Types:-
1. Bar graphs
2. Stacks graphs
3. Tabular
4. Line graphs
5. Pie charts
YOU MUST KNOW

Table of Common Fractions

and Their Percentage
Equivalents
BAR GRAPHS:-

 Given quantities can be compared by the height or length of

a bar-graph.
 A bar-graph can have either vertical or horizontal bars.
 One can compare different quantities or the same quantity
at different times.
 In bar graph the data is discrete.
 Presentation of data in this form makes evaluation of
parameters comparatively very easy.
Example 1.

1. In which of the following year the gap between the import and export of cotton was
maximum?
(1) 2001-2002 (2) 2002-2003 (3) 2003-2004 (4) 2004-2005 Ans. Option 3
2. In which of the following year the gap between the imports and exports was minimum?

(1) 2002 – 2003 (2) 2003 – 2004 (3) 2004 – 2005 (4) None of these
Ans2. Option 3

3. The exports in 2001 - 2002 was approximately how many times that of the year 2003-
2004?
Ans3. Option 3
(1) 2 (2) 3 (3) 4 (4) 5

4.Give the ratio between the number of years in which export is greater than imports and
import is greater than exports?
(1) 3 : 2 (2) 2 : 3 (3) 3 : 1 (4) 1 : 3 Ans4. Option 2

5. Give the difference between the average of imports and exports of cotton over the years?
(1) 100 (2) 90 (3) 80 (4) 70
Ans5. Option 4
STACK GRAPH
Question 1: If the total no. of Apple IOS users in 2010 were 50000,
then what was the number of Android users in the same year?
(1) 2857 (2) 43557 (3) 42857 (4) 52857
Ans.1 Option4

Question 2: What was the percentage of the Apple IOS users in 2013?

(1) 28% (2) 43% (3) 32% (4) 52%

Ans.2 Option3
Question 3: What was the ratio of the RIM users in 2010 to the Apple
IOS users in 2013?

(1) 15/16 (2) 12/15 (3) 1/15 (4) 5/17

Ans.3 Option1
TABULAR GRAPH
Example 1– The following table shows the yearly expenditure of a family on different
items from 2009-2013.
Question 1 – Find the percentage increase in total expenditure from
year 2009 to 2013.
(1) 16.36% (2) 13% (3) 10.5% (4) 12.44%
Ans.1 Option1
Question 2– Expenditure on food in 2009 is what % of expenditure
on education in 2011?
(1) 48.49% (2) 27.77% (3) 18.5% (4) 42.44%
Ans.2 Option1

Question 3 – What percent of the total expenditure in 2013 is spent

on clothing?
(1) 16.36% (2) 6.25% (3) 10.5% (4) 12.44%
Ans.3 Option2
Example 2–Study the following table carefully and answer these questions.
Number of candidates appeared and qualified in a competitive examination from different
states over the years -
Question1. Combining the states P and Q together in 1998, what is the percentage of
the candidates qualified to that of the candidates appeared?

(a) 10.87% (b) 11.49% (c) 12.35% (d) 12.54% Ans.1 Option c

Question2. The percentage of the total number of qualified candidates to the total

number of appeared candidates among all the five states in 1999 is:

(a) 11.49% (b) 11.84% (c) 12.21% (d) 12.57%

Ans.2 Option b
Question 3. What is the percentage of candidates qualified from State N for all the
years together over the candidates appeared from State N during all the years together?

(a) 12.36% (b) 12.16% (c) 11.47% (d) 11.15%

Ans.3 Option d
Question4. What is the average of candidates who appeared from State
Q during the given years?
(a) 8700 (b) 8760 (c) 8810 (d) 8990
Ans.4 Option d

Question5. In which of the given years the number of candidates

appeared from State P has maximum percentage of qualified
candidates?
(a) 1997 (b) 1998 (c) 2000 (d) 2001

Ans.5 Option d
LINE GRAPH:-.
Example 1 Figure below is a single line graph comparing two items; in this instance, time is
not a factor. The graph compares the temperature of New York City on each of the seven
days of week.
Question 1 – Find the percentage increase in the temperature from
Monday to Wednesday?
(a) 11.49% (b) 16.28% (c) 12.21% (d) 12.57%
Ans.1 Option b

Question 2 – Temperature on Thursday is what % of temp. on

Sunday?
(a) 81.49% (b) 91.94% (c) 72.21% (d) 62.57%
Ans.2 Option b

Question 3 – What is the overall percentage rise in temp. from

Monday to Sunday?
(a) 41.19% (b) 21.94% (c) 44.2% (d) 32.57%
Ans.3 Option c
Example 2– Answer the questions based on the given line graph.
Ratio of Exports to Imports (in terms of money in Rs.crores) of Two Companies Over the
Years -
Question1. In how many of the given years were the exports more than the imports for
Company A?
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5 Ans1 - Option B

Question2. If the imports of Company A in 1997 were increased by 40 percent, what

would be the ratio of exports to the increased imports?
(A) 1.20 (B) 1.25 (C) 1.30 (D) Cannot be determined
Ans2 - Option B

Question3. If the exports of Company A in 1998 were Rs. 237 crores, what was the
amount of imports in that year?
(A) Rs. 189.6 crores (B) Rs. 243 crores (C) Rs. 281 crores (D) Rs. 316 crores

Ans3 - Option D
Question4. In 1995, the export of Company A was double that of Company B. If the
imports of Company A during the year was Rs. 180 crores, what was the approximate
amount of imports of Company B during that year?
(A) Rs. 190 crores (B) Rs. 210 crores Ans4 - Option B
(C) Rs. 225 crores (D) Cannot be determined

Question5. In which year(s) was the difference between imports and exports of
Company B the maximum?
(A) 2000 (B) 1996
(C) 1998 and 2000 (D) Cannot be determined
Ans5- Option D
PIE CHARTS:-
The below table describes the number of different users in percentage.
Question 1: If the total number of users were 150,000, then what is the total number of
users using Firefox browsers?

(a) 87000 (b) 36000 (c) 48810 (d) 28990

Ans1 - Option B

Question 2: The most used browser is ahead of the least used by how many users?

(a) 48000 (b) 36000 (c) 48810 (d) 28990

Ans2 - Option A

Question 3: What is the angle subtended by the chrome users?

(a) 48.7 (b) 36.6 (c) 75.6 (d) 85.6

Ans3 - Option C
Example 2: The following Pie-Chart shows the Share of Cars sold by each Automobile
company out of the total cars sold in the year 2012. Total number of cars sold = 100,000
units.
Question 1 – What is the total number of cars sold by Maruti Suzuki in the year 2012.

(a) 40000 (b) 36000 (c) 48000 (d) 28000 Ans1 - Option A

Question 2 – By how much units does the number of cars sold by Hyundai exceed
that of Honda.
(a) 14,000 (b) 10,000 (c) 10,667 (d) 12,000

Ans2 - Option C

Question 3 – What is the percentage of cars sold by Maruti-Suzuki to the total cars
sold.
(a) 10% (b) 20% (c) 25% (d) 40%

Ans3 - Option D