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    Textile Testing 2

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    Indrani
    The document discusses the difference between constant rate of loading (CRL) and constant rate of elongation (CRE) tensile testers. CRL applies load at a constant rate while the extension depends on the load. CRE applies elongation at a constant rate while the load increases until breaking. Factors like moisture, time to break, and gauge length affect both. Modern machines mostly use CRE.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Textile Testing 2

    Uploaded by

    Indrani
    18 views10 pages
    The document discusses the difference between constant rate of loading (CRL) and constant rate of elongation (CRE) tensile testers. CRL applies load at a constant rate while the extension depends on the load. CRE applies elongation at a constant rate while the load increases until breaking. Factors like moisture, time to break, and gauge length affect both. Modern machines mostly use CRE.

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    TEXTILE TESTING 2 ,

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    The document discusses the difference between constant rate of loading (CRL) and constant rate of elongation (CRE) tensile testers. CRL applies load at a constant rate while the extension depends on the load. CRE applies elongation at a constant rate while the load increases until breaking. Factors like moisture, time to break, and gauge length affect both. Modern machines mostly use CRE.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    18 views10 pages

    Textile Testing 2

    Uploaded by

    Indrani
    The document discusses the difference between constant rate of loading (CRL) and constant rate of elongation (CRE) tensile testers. CRL applies load at a constant rate while the extension depends on the load. CRE applies elongation at a constant rate while the load increases until breaking. Factors like moisture, time to break, and gauge length affect both. Modern machines mostly use CRE.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    You are on page 1of 10

    SUBJECT : TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY

    TOPIC : DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CRL


    AND CRT TENSILE TESTER
    Breaking strength indicates the maximum tension that the fiber
    is able to sustain before it breaks from a particular point.

    Breaking Force indicate the maximum force


    required to break a specimen.

    Tensile strength of fibers are measured in 3 ways:-


    .•The constant rate of the traverse – CRT
    • The constant rate of specimen elongation – CRE
    • The constant rate of loading - CRL
    CRL
    • In constant rate of loading (CRL) , the specimen is applied load at
    a constant rate .
    • The oldest methods of measurement system .
    • In this system load is increased on the specimen length at constant
    rate and the extension of the specimen depends on the load.
    • dF/dT(load) is constant.
    Constant Rate of loading (CRL)
    • A specimen 'A' is gripped in a fixed top jaw j1
    and in a bottom jaw j2 which is moveable.
    • A force F is initially zero but increasing at
    constant from zero, is applied to the specimen
    along the directions shown in figure.
    • Due to applied force, the specimen will be
    extended until it eventually breaks.
    • The loading has thus caused the elongation and
    then the specimen breaks.
    Constant rate of Elongation(CRE)
    • Elongation is applied on the specimen at constant rate.

    • In this system constant extension is given on the specimen


    • The specimen gets elongated and this elongation then causes
    break of the specimen.
    • Rate of increase of specimen length is uniform with time (the
    load measuring mechanism moves a negligible distance).
    Constant rate of Elongation(CRE)
    • A specimen 'B' is gripped in the fixed top jaw ‘j3
    a and in the bottom jaw j4 which is moveable
    downwards
    • The bottom jaw j4 can move downwards at a
    constant velocity by means of a screw
    mechanism.
    • Initially the tension in 'B' is zero but when the
    bottom jaw j4 moves downwards the specimen
    is extended and an increasing tension is
    developed until the specimen finally breaks.
    • dE/dT are constant.
    FACTORS AFFECTING CRL AND CRE
    • MOISTURE:- When the fibres are dry the load bearing capacity is more except for cotton fibres.
    As cotton fibres have more crystalline region so it acquires more strength when wet.
    • EFFECT OF TIME TO BREAK (t):- With increase in velocity of the moving screw the time to
    break reduces.
    t = 0.6xEl
    v
    The time to break depends upon the load . If load is more the time to break reduces.
    • DEPENDS ON GAUGE LENGTH:- Tensile strength also depends on gauge length of the
    specimen.
    DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CRL AND CRE
    MACHINES THAT WORK ON CRE PRINCIPLE ARE:-
    • Instron Tensile tester

    • UTM
    • Tensorapid
    MACHINES THAT WORK ON CRE PRINCIPLE ARE
    Lea strength tester
    Conclusion
    Most modern machines operate on the constant rate of elongation
    principle where the moving jaw is driven by a screw thread
    moving at a constant rotational speed. The construction of the
    machine depends on its ultimate load capacity. Mostly all the
    equipment used for determining strength, Elongation property and
    load of extension of fiber and yarn.

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