Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 18 views

    Rational Numbers Class 8

    Uploaded by

    Chirag Prabhudessai

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Rational Numbers Class 8

    Uploaded by

    Chirag Prabhudessai
    18 views61 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    18 views61 pages

    Rational Numbers Class 8

    Uploaded by

    Chirag Prabhudessai

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 61

    Rational Numbers

    Introduction to Number Systems


    Number: Arithmetical value representing a particular quantity.
    The various types of numbers are Natural Numbers, Whole Numbers, Integers,
    Rational numbers, Irrational Numbers, Real Numbers etc.
    Natural Numbers
    Natural numbers(N) are positive numbers i.e. 1, 2, 3 ..and so on.
    Whole Numbers
    Whole numbers (W) are 0, 1, 2,..and so on. Whole numbers are all Natural Numbers
    including '0'.
    Whole numbers do not include any fractions, negative numbers or decimals.
    Integers
    Integers are just like whole numbers, but they also include negative numbers.
    They are denoted by Z.
    Examples: -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2
    Number Line
    Rational Numbers
    A number ‘r’ is called a rational number if it can
    be written in the form p , where p and q are
    q
    integers and q ≠ 0.
    • For e.g. 5 , - 8 , 3
    3 11
    Addition and subtraction of Rational
    Numbers
    HOMEWORK
    Properties of Rational numbers
    commutativity
    Whole numbers
    operation Numbers Remarks
    1 Addition 5+6 = 6+5 Addition is commutative

    11= 11
    a+b =b+a

    2 Subtraction 7-2 ≠ 2-7 Subtraction is not


    commutative
    5 ≠-5
    a- b ≠ b-a
    Operation numbers Remarks
    3 Multiplication Multiplication is commutative
    4x5 = 5x4
    20 = 20

    ax b = b x a

    4 Division Division is not commutative


    6 /2 ≠ 2/6
    3 ≠ 1/3
    a ÷ b ≠ b÷a
    Properties of Rational numbers
    Associativity

    Whole numbers
    operation Numbers Remarks
    1 Addition 7 + (5+6 )=(7+ 6)+5 Addition is associative

    7 + 11 = 13 + 5
    18 = 18

    a+ (b+c) =(a+b)+c
    2 Subtraction 7-(6-2 )≠( 7-6)- 2 Subtraction is not
    Associative
    7-4 ≠ 1- 2
    3 ≠-1
    a-( b-c) ≠(a- b)-c
    operation Numbers Remarks

    3 Multiplication 4X (5x2) =(4x 5) X 2 Multiplication is


    Associative
    4 X 10 = 20 X 2
    40 = 40
    ax( bxc) =(ax b) x c

    4 Division 12 ÷(6÷2) ≠(12÷ 6)÷2 Division is not associative


    12 ÷3 ≠ 2 ÷2
    4 ≠ 1
    a ÷( b÷c) ≠(a÷ b)÷c
    The role of zero (o)
    1) 5+0
    =5
    2) 0 + (-7 )
    = -7 0 is a additive Identity
    3) 0 + 9
    7
    = 9
    7
    1) 5 + (-5) -5 is the additive inverse of 5 and
    =0 vice-versa
    2) - 9 + 9 9 is the additive inverse of -9
    =0
    3) 8 + ( )
    =0
    4) 5 + ( )
    7 ( )
    =0
    Homework
    Write down the property .
    1) 3+ 6 = 6+3
    2) 4X 9 = 9X 4
    3) 2+ (3+ 4) = (2+3) +4
    4) (4x6 )x2 = 4x(6X2)
    Write down the additive inverse .
    1) 8 (2) -5 (3) 7 (4) -3
    11 2
    Role of one (1)
    • 1) 5 x1
    • =5
    • 2) 1 x (-9)
    • = -9
    • 3) 8 x1 1 is multiplicative Identity
    • 7
    • =8
    • 7
    Multiplicative inverse or reciprocal
    4) 5 x ( 1 ) =1 1 is multiplicative inverse of 5
    (5 ) 5
    5) (-7 ) x (1 ) =1 -7 is multiplicative inverse of -1
    (-7) 7
    6) ( ) x ( 3 ) = 1 3 is multiplicative inverse of - 7
    ( ) (-7) 7 3
    7) -5 x ( )=1 5 is multiplicative inverse of - 9
    9 ( ) 9 5
    Multiplicative inverse is also called as reciprocal.
    Write down the multiplicative
    inverse(reciprocal) of the following.
    • 1) 22 (2) -9 (3) 4 (4) -5 (6) 11
    • 3 8 5
    • Fill in the blanks .
    • 1) Zero has ---- reciprocal.
    • 2)The numbers ---- and ---- are their own
    reciprocal.
    Exercise

    1. Find five rational numbers between 1 and 2.


    Soln: 1 and 2
    1 and 2
    1 1
    1 x 6 and 2x 6
    1x 6 1x 6
    6 and 12
    6 6
    Rational numbers are 7 , 8, 9, 10, 11
    6 6 6 6 6
    2. Find five rational numbers between 1 and 1.
    2 3
    Soln: 1 and 1
    2 3
    1 x3 and 1 x 2
    2 x3 3x2
    3 x 10 and 2x 10
    6x 10 6x 10
    30 and 20
    60 60
    Rational numbers are 21 , 22 , 23, 24, 25
    60 60 60 60 60
    Homework
    • Find five rational numbers between :
    1) 3 and 4
    2) 5 and 6
    3) 1 and 1
    4 5
    4) 2 and 4
    3 5
    5) 3 and 5
    2 3
    2. Find five rational numbers greater than -5

    Soln: -5 and -4
    1 1
    - 5 x10 and -4 x 10
    1 x10 1 x 10
    -50 and -40
    10 10
    Rational numbers are - 41 , -42 , - 43, - 44, - 45
    10 10 10 10 10
    2. Find five rational numbers between 5 and 2
    2 3
    Soln: 5 and 2
    2 3
    5 x3 and 2 x 2
    2 x3 3x2
    15 x 10 and 4x 10
    6x 10 6x 10
    150 and 40
    60 60
    Rational numbers are 41 , 42 , 43, 44, 45
    60 60 60 60 60

    You might also like