Timber

Building Materials II (AR 503): TIMBER
Previous Class:
 Defects in Timber
 Characteristics of a Good Timber
 Market Forms of Timber
Today’s Class:
 Artificial woods
 Timber and its allied products
Artificial Wood: Introduction
 Artificial wood may be any of a variety of man-made
products used in the building industry.
 Sometimes referred to as composite or synthetic,

artificial wood products are widely accepted as a durable
alternative to natural wood.
 The artificial woods are materials that are obtained from

the scraps of wood.
 They were introduced in the 19th century and have

totally revolutionized the way of doing carpentry.
 Currently around 80% of existing products is

accomplished by assembling artificial woods with
natural wood.
 So it is crucial to know them because they help us to

build almost anything.
Artificial Wood: Properties
 Artificial wood is insect resistant.
 It's virtually maintenance-free and can be washed off with a

hose.
 Mold and mildew are not prone to inhabit artificial wood; if

either does occur, it washes off with soap and water.
 Never need to be sanded, scraped, refinished or stained -- but

stain is an option to change the color of composite wood.
 The maintenance-free, durable quality :a viable option to

natural wood even though the initial investment for artificial
wood is higher.
 Designed for exterior use, with built-in UV protection against

fading..
Artificial Wood: Uses
 The Artificial Woods are mainly used to made internal structures, not visible to
those who will use the object, because of their appearance often coarse.
 Low prices and excellent technical quality
 Often used to make panels and furniture for workshops and laboratories , where it is
inconvenient (and also a waste) to use more expensive and fine materials!
 Used to create templates, forms, and other useful laboratory pieces .

Artificial Wood: Types
 Plywood: made with thin layers of overlapped wood

 Marine plywood: outdoor facilities in which it needs an high
Sandwitch
resistance to moisture .
 LDF / MDF / HDF: union of fine wood fiber , compacted and
blended by high strength glue
 Chipboard: formed from wood “chips”
 Laminated: made up of slats of wood , even precious, glued in a
Honeycomb
very robust between them.
 Honeycomb wood: used for the realization of doors: its lightness
 Sandwich: internal part by an insulating material
 Laminated: made of chipboard or plywood panels coated with
plastic sheets on one or both surfaces.
Laminated
Chipboard
Timber and Allied Products
 Veneers
 Lamin Boards
 Plywood
 Block Board
 Fibre boards
 Batten Boards
 Impreg timbers
 Hard Boards
 Compreg timbers
Timber and Allied Products: Veneers
 Thin sheets of timber of very superior quality

 Obtained by rotating wooden logs of very high quality timber
against a sharp knife or rotary cutter
 Thickness: 0.4mm-6mm or even more
 Are dried into kilns to remove moisture
 Used in the manufacture of plywood batten boards and lamin
boards
 Peeled off from teak, sissoo, rosewood, oak, mahogany etc
 Process of preparing a sheet of veneers is known as veeneering
Timber and Allied Products: Plywood
 Ply means thin layer

 In form of boars prepared from thin layers of wood or veneers
 Veneers in plywood are taken in odd number
 They are placed one above another with the direction of grains of
successive layers at right angles (increase strength) to each other
 Held together with adhesives
 Better finished face: Face of plywood
 Ex: 3 ply 5 ply, 5 ply 7 ply and so on
 Thickness of 3 ply varies from 3-5mm
 Size varies from 90x90cm to 240x120cm
Timber and Allied Products: Plywood: Advantages
1. Suffer very little expansion or shrinkage, due to variation in

moisture content
2. Light and available in large sizes
3. Available in decorative designs
4. Make use of costly timbers in most economical manner
5. Very easy to work with
Timber and Allied Products: Fibre Boards
 Manufactured from wood or other vegetable fibres
 The pieces of wood, cane, or other vegetable fibres are boiled and proceed
 The fibres so obtained are spread on wire screen in forum of loose sheets and pressed called
fibre boards
 Thickness- 6-25mm, Width-1.2m, Length- 3.5m
 Also known as pressed wood or reconstructed wood
 Classified as: Insulating Boards, Medium hard boards, Hard boards, Super hard boards, and
laminated boards
 Uses:
 Construction of wall panels and
suspended ceiling
 Partitions
 Form works
 Insulating material against heat and
sound
 Table tops and for flush doors
Timber and Allied Products: Impreg Timbers
 Nothing but timber fully or partly covered with resin
 Ex: Sunmica, Formica, etc
 Phenol formaldehyde: mostly used resin
 Thin strips of wood or veneers are taken and immersed in

resin
 The resin fills the space between wood cells and gets
consolidated
 This mass is is then cured at 150-1600C
 Are strong, durable, good looking and are not affected by
moisture and weather conditions
 Resist acidic effects and are electrically insulated
 Compreg Timbers: difference from impreg: cured

under pressure
 Are more strong and durable as compared to impreg
Timber and Allied Products: Lamin Boards
 Consists of core, made of narrow sawn timber strips 3 to 7mm

wide
 Core is covered at both the faces by veneers or ply boards
 Manufactured in large range of sizes
 Thickness: 10-20mm, Width: 1.5m, Length: 2.5-3m
 Light and strong
 Do not crack or split easily
 Used for partitions ceilings, and door etc
Timber and Allied Products: Block Boards
 Consists of core made of small timber blocks

up to 25mm thickness glued together edge to
edge
 Both the faces are lastly covered by ply wood
of 3mm thickness
 Direction of grains of the core is at right
angles to that of outer plies
 Cheaper than lamin boards
 Used for partitions and doors
 Usual thickenss: 12-50mm, length: 1.2-2.4m,
width: 0.9-1.2m
Timber and Allied Products: Batten Boards
 Just like lamin boards and block boards

 Except: core is made from timber blocks of width up to 8cm, thick: 2-3cm
 Used for door panels, table tops and other large flat surfaces
 Direction of grain: right angle to adjacent plywood
 Light and strong and do not crack or split easily
Timber and Allied Products: Hard Boards
 Manufactured from wood wastes obtained from saw mills, inferior timber or short logs
 Converted into chips
 Then converted into fibres
 Water repellent and synthetic resins are added to increase the strength
 Then pressed into boards of uniform thickness in hydraulic presses
 Low rate of water absorption>> high strength, abrasion resistance
 Both surfaces may be smooth
 Available with grooves, embossed or marked into tiles
 Width: 1.25m and also in 1.75m
 Length: 4.75m and thickness: 2-20mm
Advantages:
 Made of any size
 Uniform and homogeneous: strength is equal
 Free from defects like shakes and knots
 Suitable finishes
 Have a good day

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Building Materials II (AR 503): TIMBER

 Sometimes referred to as composite or synthetic,

 The artificial woods are materials that are obtained from

 They were introduced in the 19th century and have

 Currently around 80% of existing products is

 So it is crucial to know them because they help us to

 It's virtually maintenance-free and can be washed off with a

 Mold and mildew are not prone to inhabit artificial wood; if

 Never need to be sanded, scraped, refinished or stained -- but

 The maintenance-free, durable quality :a viable option to

 Designed for exterior use, with built-in UV protection against

 Used to create templates, forms, and other useful laboratory pieces .

 Plywood: made with thin layers of overlapped wood

 Thin sheets of timber of very superior quality

 Ply means thin layer

1. Suffer very little expansion or shrinkage, due to variation in

 Thin strips of wood or veneers are taken and immersed in

 Compreg Timbers: difference from impreg: cured

 Consists of core, made of narrow sawn timber strips 3 to 7mm

 Consists of core made of small timber blocks

 Just like lamin boards and block boards

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