Introduction To The

Philosophy Of The
Human Person

PREPARED BY: BRYAN A. PADON

 HELLO
LOVERS OF
WISDOM
 How does the COVID
19 Pandemic changed
our social life?
 HOW SOCIAL
INTERACTION IS
AFFECTED BY THE
COVID 19 PANDEMIC?
 HOW CAN YOU
PRACTICE SOCIAL
INTERACTION IN THIS
TIME OF PANDEMIC?
 HOW DO YOU
CONNECT WITH
SOMEONE DURING A
PANDEMIC?
 HOW HAS THE
PANDEMIC AFFECTED
COMMUNICATION?
TAKE A LOOK AT EACH PICTURE…
INTERSUBJECTIVITY
 INTERSUBJECTIVITY
It refers to shared
meanings constructed by
people in their
interactions with each
other.
 INTERSUBJECTIVITY
Is the philosophical concept
of interaction between the
“self” and the “other”. It is
the mutual recognition of
each other as persons.
 INTERSUBJECTIVITY
It refers to the shared
awareness, and
understanding among
reasons. It is made
possible by the awareness
of the self and the other
QUIZ: 1 Whole
Answer the following
questions
comprehensively.
Each question has a
minimum of 50 words
and maximum of 100.
1. What enables human persons to establish
meaningful interactions with other?
2. How is intersubjectivity related to self-awareness
and transcendence?
3. Discuss instances in your life when you show
empathy with others. What drove you to act in such
manner?
4. Do you think having genuine human interaction is
important? Why?
 5.Explain the sayings:

“The Beauty of life doesn’t depend

on how happy are you, it depends on
how others happy because of you”.
INTERSUBJECTIVITY
AND THE VIEWS
OF SOME
PHILOSOPHERS
WHO IS HE?

NAEJ
LUAP
ERTRAS
JEAN-PAUL SARTRE
 JEAN-PAUL SARTRE
Explains that when you look at
a person, the act of objection
allows you to capture that
person’s freedom to be what he
or she wants to be. That is, you
are limiting a person’s
possibilities by a look.
 JEAN-PAUL SARTRE
This is evident when you
stereotype or label a person
based on his or her
appearance or certain
actions. (Attribution effect)
 JEAN-PAUL SARTRE
TOTALIZATION
Occurs when one limit the
other to set of a rational
categories, be they racial,
sexual or otherwise.
One totalize the other when
one claim he/she already know
who is that person before they
can even speak to.
 WHO IS HE?

DNUMDE

LRESSUH
EDMUND HUSSERL
 EDMUND HUSSERL
Believes that
intersubjectivity is more
than just shared
understanding, but is the
capability to put oneself in
the place where other is.
 EDMUND HUSSERL
Intersubjectivity occurs when
people undergo acts of empathy
because an intersubjective
experience is highly empathic.
This happens when people put
themselves in the shoes of
others.
 EMPATHY
• The ability to share emotion is driven by
a person’s awareness that the other is a
person with thought and feelings.
• Enables us to experience another
person’s emotion, such as hapiness,
anger, and sadness.
• Sympathy is “feeling with”, while
empathy is “feeling in”.
 AVAILABILITY
The willingness
of a person to be
present and be
at disposal of
another
THE ETHICS
OF CARE
Is an ethical theory
that emphasizes the
moral dimension of
relationship and
interactions.
WHO IS HE?

ENER

SETRACSED
RENE DESCARTES
 RENE DESCARTES
As a proponent of the doctrine of
individualism, he resolved to doubt
absolutely everything that could
possibly be doubted– in the hope of
thereby finding something that was
beyond doubt. ) “Doubt everything that
can be doubted”
According to him there is one thing
that cannot be doubted, and that is
thinking.
 SEEMING
Actions where an individual presents
himself or herself in a certain way when
dealing with others. Persons take on “roles”
or act out characters when dealing with
certain people or when in certain situations.
There may be instances when people
behave a certain way in order to
intentionally deceive or manipulate other
people.
Most human interactions, however, are not
based on deception. Since our human nature
desires us to uphold dignity and goodness,
our interactions with others are also geared
towards what is good and beneficial. These
lead human to strive to achieve deeper and
more substantial interactions and relations
with other people.
This deeper and more genuine interaction is
called dialogue
 What
characterizes a
genuine
interaction?
 DIALOGUE

• An interaction between persons that

happens through speech, expressions, and
body language.
• Is not confined to words alone, actions,
gestures and other expressions may be used
to convey a person’s inner life.
• A dialogue occurs when two persons “open
up” to each other and give and receive one
another in their encounter.
WHO IS HE?

NITRAM
REBUB
MARTIN BUBER
 MARTIN BUBER
A jewish philosopher had a great
interest in the study of relating
ourselves to others.
He said “i” or yourself, can only
realized through recognition of “others.”
The “i ” cannot be aware of its
uniqueness and existence without
encountering the “other”
 SEVERAL WAYS BY WHICH WE
RELATE TO OTHERS
(ACCORDING TO BUBER)
THE “I-I” RLATIONSHIP
“I-I” RELATIONSHIP IN WHICH
PEOPLE MAKE THEMSELVES
THE CENTER OF THEIR WORLD.
TALKING TO OTHER PEOPLE DO
NOT INTEREST THEM AND IF
THEY TALK TO OTHERS,IT IS THE
“I ” WHO WILL BE THE CENTER
OF THE CONVERSATION.
THEY DON’T REALLY LISTEN TO
WHAT OTHERS ARE SHARING.
 “I-IT” RELATIONSHIP

“I-IT” RELATIONSHIP IS THE

SECOND TYPE OF RELATIONSHIP.
THERE ARE PEOPLE THAT
TREAT THE OTHER PEOPLE INTO
THE STATUS OF AN OBJECT-AN
IT.
EXAMPLES OF “I-IT” RELATIONSHIP
1.HOW OPPRESSIVE EMPLOYERS TREAT
THEIR WORKERS LIKE MACHINE OR
ROBOTS WHO ARE IMMUNE TO
PHYSICAL, VERBAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL,
AND EMOTIONAL ABUSE.
2.ANY RELATIONSHIP WHICH HAS ONE
PARTY REDUCING THE ANOTHER TO A
STATUS OF AN OBJECT:
EXAMPLES OF “I-IT” RELATIONSHIP
a.Bully who treats a person with disability
as an object his amusement
b.A liquor company using body of women as
their advertisement to impose sales.
c.Partners or friends treating each other as
objects and means to satisfy their self-
interest and desires in so-called :friends
with benefits” type of relationships.
Objectification of women in
advertising
 “I-IT” RELATIONSHIP
THIS KIND OF
RELATIONSHIP RESULTS
INTO WHAT WE CALL
ALIENATION.
 “I-IT” RELATIONSHIP
IT HAPPENS WHEN HUMAN
RELATIONSHIPS ARE IN AUTHENTIC,
DECEPTIVE AND EXPLOITATIVE. IT
ARISES WHEN A PERSON CEASES TO
VIEW THE OTHER AS A DISTINCT OR
AUTHENTIC PERSON AND MERELY
CONSIDERS THE OTHERS PERSON AS A
MERE OBJECT OR A MEANS TO SATISFY
PERSONAL INTEREST.
 “I-IT” RELATIONSHIP
ALIENATION IS A
DISORIENTATING SENSE OF
EXCLUSION AND SEPARATION
AND IF LEFT UNADDRESED, WILL
DISCOUNT THE HUMANITY AND
DIGNITY OF A PERSON THAT
LEADS TO DEHUMANIZATION.
 “I-THOU” RELATIONSHIP
IT IS IN THIS KIND OF HUMAN RELATION
THAT GENUINE SHARING OF ONE ANOTHER
TAKES PLACE.
IT IS IN THIS TYPE OF RELATIOSHIP THAT
THE OTHER IS TREATED AS DISTINCTLY
OTHER, THE I ONE HAS A DIFFERENT SET OF
INTEREST, VISIONS, BELIEFS, VALUES, AND
CHARACTERISTICS.
THE CENTER OF THIS RELATIONSHIP IS A
GENUINE FORM OF CONVERSATION: A
DIALOGUE.
LISTED ON THE DIAGRAM ARE SOME TOOLS
FOR INTER SUBJECTIVE COMMUNICATION:

Verbal and non verbal

communication – the ability
to clearly listen and observe
while reserving ones
judgment, also the ability
clearly speak and illustrate
one point of view and
present meaning.
LISTED ON THE DIAGRAM ARE SOME
TOOLS FOR INTER SUBJECTIVE
COMMUNICATION:

Relativeness or
relatedness –
ability to
understand one and
other.
 LISTED ON THE DIAGRAM ARE SOME
TOOLS FOR INTER SUBJECTIVE
COMMUNICATION:

Empathy – the capacity

to share emotions and
feeling with one and
other, the way to
compassion.
 LISTED ON THE DIAGRAM ARE SOME
TOOLS FOR INTER SUBJECTIVE
COMMUNICATION:

•Education – the
transmitting of ideas,
knowledge, and or
experiences with one and
other.
 AUTHENTIC DIALOGUE
IS A FORM OF INTERPERSONAL
COMMUNICATION WHICH OCCURS WHEN
PEOPLE RECOGNIZE THAT THEY ARE PART
OF GREATER WHOLE AND CAN RELATE WITH
OTHERS WITHIN THE WHOLE
IN SOME CASES, NON VERVAL DIALOGICAL
RELATIONS ARE NOT ONLY THE MORE
APPROPRIATE MEANS OF CONVERSATION,
BUT CONSIDERED AS A MORE PROFOUND OF
CONVERSATION.
I-THOU RELATIONSHIP FOR BUBER
IS EXPERIENCE OF BEING THROUGH
CONVERSATION IN COMMUNION
WITH THE OTHER; AND HERE, THE
OTHER MAY NOT NECESSARILY BE A
HUMAN BEING. IT COULD BE YOUR
DOG, OR YOUR TREE, OR GOD.
IN LINE WITH THIS, WE MUST
REMEMBER THAT A PRIVILEGE
FORM OF RELATIONSHIP IS THE I-
THOU RELATIONSHIP. THIS
RELATIONSHIP INVOLVES EFFORT.
 MARTIN
HEIDEGGER
 MARTIN HEIDEGGER
• ARGUED THAT HUMAN IS A CONVERSATION.
• CONVERSATION IS MORE THAN JUST A SIMPLE
TALK BUT RATHER A DIALOGUE. IT MEANS THAT
HUMANITY IS GRADUALLY ACCUTOMED TO
COMMUNICATION ABOUT BEING.
• LANGUAGE, AS ONE OF THE CONTROLS OF
HUMAN, CREATES HUMAN WORLD. LANGUAGE IS
A TOOL FOR COMMUNICATION, INFORMATION,
AND SOCIAL COLLABORATION.
HEIDEGGER
FOR HEIDEGGER, ALL CONVERSATIONS
ARE REALLY ONE CONVERSATION, THE
SUBJECT OF WHICH IS BEING. A
CONVERSATION IS CREATIVE,
EXPRESSIVE, AND PROFOUND THAT
ALLOWS HUMANITY TO EXIST AS MORE
THAN OBJECTS. WE ARE HUMAN
BEINGS WHO SINCERELY CARE MORE
THAN ACQUIRING INFORMATION AND
SATISFACTION.
 PAULO FREIRE
ACCORDING TO PAULO
FREIRE’S”PEDAGOGY OF THE
OPPRESSED”, DIALOGUE IS ENCOUNTER
BETWEEN MEN, MEDIATED BY THE
PEOPLE IN ORDER TO TRANFORM THE
WORLD.
 PAULO FREIRE
FOR HIM, DIALOGUE IS NOT JUST
SIMPLY AN INTERACTION BETWEEN
PEOPLE TO EXPLORE THE WORLD
TOGETHER, IT IS ALSO A SIGN OF
FREEDOM, EQUALITY, AND
RESPONSIBILITY IN DISCOVERING
AND TRANSFORMING THE WORLD OF
EVERY HUMAN BEING.
 PAULO FREIRE

TRUE DIALOGUE CANNOT EXIST

UNLESS THE PARTNERS ENGAGE
IN LOVE, HUMILITY, FAITH, TRUST,
HOPE, AND CRITICAL THINKING.
 PAULO FREIRE
THEREFORE, DIALOGUE BECOMES
THE SIGN AND THE CENTRAL
CONCEPT OF THE TRUE EDUCATION,
“WITHOUT DIALOGUE THERE IS NO
COMMUNICATION, AND WITHOUT
COMMUNICATION, THERE CAN BE NO
TRUE EDUCATION.
RECAP
PART II
 PERSON’S WITH DISABILITIES
(PWD’S)
ACCORDING TO THE UNITED NATION (UN)
CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS
WITH DISABILITIES, THE TERM “PERSONS WITH
DISABILITIES” IS USED TO APPLY TO THOSE
PERSONS WHO HAVE LONG-TERM PHYSICAL,
PSYCHOLOGICAL, INTELLECTUAL, OR SENSORY
IMPAIRMENT WHICH IN INTERACTION WITH
SEVERAL UNREASONABLE OR
DISCRIMINATORY BARRIERS MAY OBSTRUCT
THEIR FULL AND ACTIVE PARTICIPATION AS
EQUAL MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY.
PARALYMPICS
 MUCH LIKE US PERSONS WITH
CERTAIN CONDITIONS HAVE ALSO
DREAMS AND AMBITIONS IN LIFE.
SOME OF THEM WANTS TO BECOME
TEACHERS, LAWYER, ARTIST,
ATHLETES. AND MANY MORE.
HELEN KELLER (1880-1968)
 HELEN KELLER (1880-1968)
• AMERICAN AUTHOR, POLITICAL ACTIVIST
• 1ST DEAF-BLIND PERSON TO EARN A
BACHELOR’S DEGREE
• ANNE SULLIVAN-HELEN’S MENTOR WHO
WAS VISUALLY-IMPAIRED AS WELL.
• PUBLISHED HER AUTOBIOGRAPHY. “THE
STORY OF MY LIFE”
NICHOLAS JAMES “NICK” VUJICIC
(BORN 1982)
 Nicholas James “Nick” Vujicic
(born 1982)
• AUSTRALIAN EVANGELIST AND
MOTIVATIONAL SPEAKER WHO WAS
BORN WITH PHOCOMELIA, A
CONDITION IN WHICH A PERSON IS
BORN WITH NO ARMS OR LEGS.
• FOUNDER OF LIFE WITHOUT LIMBS, A
NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATION AND
MINISTRY.
ROSELLE AMBUBUYOG
(BORN 1980)
 ROSELLE AMBUBUYOG
(BORN 1980)
• 1ST VISUALLY-IMPAIRED FILIPINO TO GRADUATE
SUMMA CUM LAUDE FROM ATENEO DE MANILA
UNIVERSITY IN 2001.
• DESPITE HER HANDICAP, SHE WAS A
CONSISTENT ACADEMIC HONOREE-
VALEDICTORIAN (ELEMENTARY AND HIGH
SCHOOL)
• PRODUCT AND SUPPORT MANAGER AT CODE
FACTORY, THE WORLD’S LEADING PROVIDER OF
SOFTWARE THAT ALLOW THE VISUALLY-
IMPAIRED TO ACCESS MOBILE DEVICES.
 UNDERPRIVILEGED SECTORS OF
THE SOCIETY
THE UNDERPRIVILEGED IS BEING
DESCRIBED AS THE GROUP OF PEOPLE
THAT IS SUFFERING FROM DIFFERENT
FORMS OF SOCIAL DEPRIVATION SUCH AS
DENIAL OF THE ENJOYMENT OF SIMILAR
LEVEL OF COMFORT AND /OR
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT AS MOST OF THE
MEMBERS OF A CIVILIZED SOCIETY DUE TO
SEVERAL ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL
CIRCUMSTANCES.
UNDERPRIVILEGED SECTORS OF
THE SOCIETY

THIS GROUP IS LESS IN TERMS OF

MATERIAL POSSESSIONS AND
BASIC SOCIAL BENEFITS, LIKE
EDUCATION AND HEALTH
SERVICES, IN COMPARISON TO
MOST OF THE PEOPLE IN A CERTAIN
SOCIETY.
UNDERPRIVILEGED SECTORS OF
THE SOCIETY

FURTHERMORE, THIS GROUP OF

INDIVIDUALS IS FACING VARIOUS
DIMENSIONS OF POVERTY, SUCH AS INCOME
POVERTY, HEALTH DEPRIVATION, HUMAN
RIGHTS VIOLATIONS, GENDER INEQUALITY,
AND MANY MORE.
UNDERPRIVILEGED SECTORS OF
THE SOCIETY
THESE DIMENSION HAVE
INCAPACITATED MANY MEMBERS
OF THE HUMAN SOCIETY LIKE
WOMEN, CHILDREN, AND LGBT
COMMUNITY, WHEREIN ALL ARE
CLASSIFIED AS
UNDERPRIVILEGED.
UNDERPRIVILEGED SECTORS OF
THE SOCIETY

THE MARGINALIZED SECTOR, WHICH

INCLUDE JEEPNEY DRIVERS,
FARMERS, FISHERFOLKS, AND MANY
MORE, ARE ALSO CONSIDERED AS
UNDERPRIVILEGED.
 UNDERPRIVILEGED SECTORS OF
THE SOCIETY
MARGINALIZED SECTOR ARE THE
GROUPS OF INDIVIDUALS THAT ARE
EXPERIENCING THE SO-CALLED
MARGINALIZATION, WHICH IS THE ACT
OF DOWNGRADING A PERSON, A CLASS
OF PEOPLE , OR A CONCEPT TO AN
INSIGNIFICANT, SECONDARY, OR
POWERLESS SITUATION IN A SOCIETY.
• GLOBALLY, WOMEN AND CHILDREN ARE
BEING SUBJECTED TO OPPRESSION
AND DIFFERENT FORMS OF
EXPLOITATION, SUCH AS
PROSTITUTION AND PORNOGRAPHY
THAT ASSAULT HUMAN DIGNITY AND
VIOLATE HUMAN RIGHTS.
THEY HAVE TURNED INTO SLAVES OF
THESE CRIMINAL ACTIVITIES
BECAUSE OF DIFFERENT SOCIAL AND
ECONOMIC CONDITIONS LIKE
POVERTY AND LACK OF
OPPORTUNITY.
WOMEN AND CHILDREN HAVE ALSO BECOME
VICTIMS OF DOMESTIC AND SEXUAL
VIOLENCE. ACCORDING TO THE PHILIPPINE
NATIONAL POLICE’S –WOMEN AND CHILDREN
PROTECTION CENTER (PNP-WCPC), 602
INCIDENTS OF SEXUAL ASSAULT WERE
RECORDED FROM MARCH 17, 2020 TO MAY
23, 2020 OR AN AVERAGE OF EIGHT CASES
A DAY. THESE WERE THE TIMES WHEN
LUZON AND OTHER PARTS OF THE COUNTRY
WERE ON ENHANCED COMMUNITY
QUARANTINE BECAUSE OF CORONAVIRUS
DISEASE 2019 (COVID19)
 LGBTQI++ Community
THE MEMBERS OF THE LGBT
COMMUNITY ARE ALSO VICTIMS OF
DIFFERENT TYPES OF VIOLENCE. MANY
OF THEM ARE EXPERIENCING
NUMEROUS ADVERSE TREATMENT LIKE
BULLYING, DISCRIMINATION, PHYSICAL
VIOLENCE, AND EVEN SEXUAL
ORIENTATION AND GENDER IDENTITIES.
 LGBTQI++ Community
THEY ARE ALSO FACING WORK-
RELATED ISSUES. BASED ON THE FIRST-
EVER CORPORATE SOGIE DIVERSITY
AND INCLUSIVENESS (CSDI) INDEX, A
STUDY THAT WAS ADMINISTERED BY
THE PHILIPPINE LGBT CHAMBER OF
COMMERCE AND RESEARCH FIRM
COGENCIA AND WAS PARTICIPATED BY
100 PHILIPPINE-BASED COMPANIES.
 LGBTQI++ Community
NOT A SINGLE FILIPINO COMPANY HAS
ANY IMPLEMENTING POLICY THAT WILL
PROTECT THEIR EMPLOYEES WHO ARE
MEMBERS OF THE LGBT COMMUNITY
FROM VARIOUS FORMS OF
DISCRIMINATION WITHIN THE WORKING
ENVIRONMENT.
EMMANUEL LEVINAS (1905-1995).
 EMMANUEL LEVINAS (1905-1995)

A FRENCH PHILOSOPHER, WE MUST GO

BEYOND OURSELVES AND
CONCENTRATE MORE ON RENDERING
ASSISTANCE PASSIONATELY AND
ACTING WITH CONCERN TOWARDS
OTHERS, PARTICULARLY TO THE
MEMBERS OF OUR SOCIETY WHO HAVE
BECOME VICTIMS OF DIFFERENT
DIMENSIONS OF POVERTY.
 EMMANUEL LEVINAS (1905-1995)
WE SHOULD HAVE THE COURAGE TO DEFEND
THEM FROM ANY FORM OF SOCIAL DEPRIVATION
AND DISCRIMINATION. WE CAN DO THIS BY
VOICING OUT OUR CONCERNS AND OBLIGATING
OUR GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS TO ENACT BILLS
AND ORDINANCE S OR STRICTLY IMPLEMENT THE
LAWS THAT WE ALREADY HAVE, THAT AIM TO
PROTECT THE UNDERPRIVILEGED FROM SEVERAL
OPPRESSIVE TREATMENTS AND MAKE THESE
PEOPLE ENJOY THE SAME SOCIAL SERVICES, SUCH
AS EDUCATION, EMPLOYMENT, AND HEALTHCARE,
AS MOST OF THE MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY.
 EMMANUEL LEVINAS (1905-1995)
ALSO, WE CAN HELP THE
UNDERPRIVILEGED BY SINCERELY AND
CONSISTENTLY JOINING IN CAMPAIGNS
OR MOVEMENTS THAT SEEK TO EMPOWER
THEM.
IT IS OUR OBLIGATION TO HELP THE
UNDERPRIVILEGED, SINCE THEY ARE
CONSIDERED AS VULNERABLE TO
DIFFERENT FORMS OF HUMAN RIGHTS
VIOLOLATION AND SOCIAL DEPRIVATION.
 EMMANUEL LEVINAS (1905-1995)
IT IS ALSO IMPORTANT TO PROMOTE
INCLUSIVITY- THE PRACTICE OR POLICY
PROVIDING EQUAL ACCESS TO
OPPORTUNITIES AND RESOURCES FOR
PEOPLE WHO MIGHT OTHERWISE BE
EXCLUDED OR MARGINALIZED, SUCH AS
THOSE HAVING PHYSICAL OR MENTAL
DISABILITIES OR BELONGING TO OTHER
MINORITY GROUPS.
 EMMANUEL LEVINAS (1905-1995)

MOST IMPORTANTLY, IT IS OUR MORAL

DUTY TO UPHOLD HUMAN DIGNITY AND
IMPORTANCE OF LIFE, BECAUSE EVEN
THOUGH WE ARE TOTALLY DIFFERENT
FROM EACH OTHER, OUR SHARED
DIGNITY AND HUMANITY IS THE THING
THAT UNIFIES US ALL.