Vdocuments - MX Beginning of Dravidian Style Temple and Indo Aryan Temples With Examples 58f9e6a561ae1

Beginning of Dravidian Temple style and Indo Aryan Temple
 Have a
 Dravidian style of architecture is mainly found in
separate
Temple architecture of south India namely in states of
entry gate
Tamil Nadu, Karnataka,Kerala, andAndhra Pradesh.
called
 Classified under early Guptas and chaulakyas and Gopuram,
highly
also by the kings of the Pallava dynasty, the Cholas,
decorated
the Pandyas, the Vijayanagara Kings and by the
and carved.
Nayaks of Madura.
 Architectural Historian sub divide the period of

Dravidian Architectural growth into:
1.Pallava Period, 600-900AD

2.Chola Period, 700-1150 AD
3.Pandava Period, 1100-1350AD
4.Vijayanagara Period and 1350-1565AD In elevation:
5.Nayakkar Period. 1565-1600 AD • Plinth
• Shikhara,
 The temple shape may be rectangular, Vimana
square, star-shaped, or octagonal. • Mandapa
Examples like, Brihadhaeshwara Temple,
Shore temples, Mahabalipuram, kanchepuram
 Indo-Aryan style of Architecture are mainly
found in Temple Architecture of Northern
India namely in Orissa, Rajasthan and
Gujarat.
 Examples like Sun Temple in Konark.

Muktesvara Temple in Orrisa.
 It can be classified only under early Guptas

and chaulakyas.
 Usually had square planning
 Indo-Aryan temples Comparatively have less
number of columns.
 Here God or Goddess are mostly made in

white marble.
In elevation:
• Plinth
• Shikhara
• Mandapa
Pallavas Rathas at Mamalapuram
 Five Rathas namely: Draupadi Ratha, Arjuna Ratha,
Nakula Sahadeva Ratha, Bhima Ratha, Dharmaraja
Ratha.
 All five Rathas have
very diverse planning,
architecture and
ornamentation and
each Ratha has got
interior room - simple
and narrow sanctuary
(garbha-griha )
 Among the Rathas are

three large sculptures:
Lion, Elephant and Nandi 1) Draupadi Ratha
bull.
 The closest to the entrance gate is Draupadi Ratha - it is
also the smallest one. This shrine is devoted to goddess
Durga.
 This shrine is shaped like a thatched hut, with a square

roof. and the nearby Arjuna Ratha are on a single platform
which is rised and adorned with figures of lions and
2) Arjuna Ratha
 On the same platform is located the next Ratha - Arjuna Ratha, which is devoted to
Shiva.
 This small structure is shaped like a small wooden shrine, once characteristic for
Southern India. It is facing towards the east and has two storeys, a small portico and
carved pillars.
 Inside the shrine there are no adornments, but the exterior is very rich with
interesting details.
3) Nakula Sahadeva Ratha
 This shrine is devoted to Indra and is associated

with elephants. This ratha is the only one which
is not placed in a "procession", it stands aside. It
is also the only one with entrance facing south.
 The roof of this shrine is shaped like a back of

elephant. The columns and pillars are adorned
with seated lions. Draupadi ratha to the left, Arjuna ratha - to the
right
4) Bhima Ratha
 The third shrine in a row is the longest of
all rathas - it is 12.8 m long, 7.3 m wide,
7.6 m high.
 The Bhima ratha is a single-tired structure

with a rectangular base.
 This ratha was devoted to Anantshayi

Vishnu. Pillars of the shrine are adorned
with figures of lions.
5) Dharmaraja ratha
 The shrine is devoted to Shiva. Columns
and pilasters of this ratha are adorned with
lions.
 The ground (first) floor of Dharmaraja

Ratha has pillared entrances on all sides.
 The second and the third tier has

Garbhagriha and parapet wall with space
in between them
Shore Temple
LOCATION: Is at Mahabalipuram, a village south of Chennai, Tamil Nadu.
 It is Called as Shore Temple because it is at edge of
the BAY OF BENGAL.
 The temple is a combination of three shrines

which are built on the same platform.
 The main shrine is dedicated to Shiva as it is

smaller than the second shrine. A small third
shrine, between the two, is dedicated to a Vishnu.
 The two Shiva shrines are orthogonal in shape.

The temple has a garbhagriha in which the deity,
Siva linga is enshrined, and a small mandapa
surrounded by a heavy outer wall
 The roofs of the temples have ornamentation

similar to the Pancha Rathas and the columns are
carved over lion mounted bases.
 Built with sculpted granite stones. Its pyramidal

structure is 18m high and sits on a 15m square
platform.
Kailasanathar Temple  The Kailasanathar temple is the oldest
structure in Kanchipuram, located
in Tamil Nadu, built from 685-705AD by
a Rajasimha ruler of the pallava dynasty
 It is a Hindu temple in the Dravidian

Architectural style, dedicated to the
Lord Shiva.
 The structure contains 58 small shrines

which are dedicated to various forms of
Shiva.
 The temple's foundations are made

of granite, which could withstand the
weight of the temple, while the carvings
are all made of sandstone.
 The shikara of the temple, above the

main shrine is square in plan which
rises up in a pyramidal shape. The
tower has many levels rising. The pillar
Inner court showing the passage with 58 sub- animal shapes (lions on the base which
shrines. features the Pallava style.
BRIHDESHWARAR TEMPLE
 Brihdeshwarar temple is a Hindu temple

dedicated to Shiva located in Thanjavur in the
Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
 Also known as Raja Rajeswara Temple.

It is one of the example of Tamil architecture during
Chola period.
 This temple is the first building fully built by

 The vimana is 66m high.
granite and finished within 5yrs.
 There is a big statue of Nandi
 The complex can be entered either on one axis
(sacred bull), carved out of a
through a five-story gopuram.
single rock, at the entrance
 The gopuram of the main entrance is 30 m high, measuring about 16 feet long and
13 feet high.
smaller than the vimana and the main temple is in
the center.
 Has a Nandi, a pillared hall and an assembly hall

mandapas, and many sub-shrines.
Gangaikondacholapuram Temple
Location: Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu

Built by: Rajendra Chola
Built in: 11th century
Dedicated to: Lord Shiva
Significance: Biggest Shivalingam in South India
 The temple stands next to the famous

Brihadisvara temple and is regarded as the
reproduction of Brihadisvara Temple that
was built by Rajaraja Chola, father of
Rajendra Chola.
 The temple was made to outshine the temple

made by the father.
 The temple boasts of a 9 storey vimanam

that extends to the height of 185 feet, facing
the east direction.
 Not less than 54.86m in height, the temple

structure follows the style of Brihadisvara
Temple
Plan of Gangaikonda Cholapuram
Fig 1) Gangaikonda Cholapuram Temple

Gopuram and statues
Fig 2) Stone sculpture of

Fig 3) Nandhi
saraswathi at the temple

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Beginning of Dravidian Temple style and Indo Aryan Temple

 Architectural Historian sub divide the period of

1.Pallava Period, 600-900AD

 Examples like Sun Temple in Konark.

 It can be classified only under early Guptas

 Here God or Goddess are mostly made in

 Among the Rathas are

 This shrine is shaped like a thatched hut, with a square

3) Nakula Sahadeva Ratha

 This shrine is devoted to Indra and is associated

 The roof of this shrine is shaped like a back of

 The Bhima ratha is a single-tired structure

 This ratha was devoted to Anantshayi

 The ground (first) floor of Dharmaraja

 The second and the third tier has

 The temple is a combination of three shrines

 The main shrine is dedicated to Shiva as it is

 The two Shiva shrines are orthogonal in shape.

 The roofs of the temples have ornamentation

 Built with sculpted granite stones. Its pyramidal

 It is a Hindu temple in the Dravidian

 The structure contains 58 small shrines

 The temple's foundations are made

 The shikara of the temple, above the

 Brihdeshwarar temple is a Hindu temple

 Also known as Raja Rajeswara Temple.

 This temple is the first building fully built by

 Has a Nandi, a pillared hall and an assembly hall

Location: Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu

 The temple stands next to the famous

 The temple was made to outshine the temple

 The temple boasts of a 9 storey vimanam

 Not less than 54.86m in height, the temple

Fig 1) Gangaikonda Cholapuram Temple

Fig 2) Stone sculpture of

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