BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MESRA, RANCHI

ZERO ENERGY BUILDING

PRESENTED BYDIVYA MANTRI (BARC/1015/08) INSHA SHARMA (BARC/1022/08) ABHIMANYU SETIA (BARC/1027/08) MAVEET SINGH (BARC/1036/08)

AIM AND OBJECTIVE

 To study-

About zero energy building. Its need. Its types. Its comparison with other buildings. Common features. Advantages and disadvantages. Various such existing building.

contents
Introduction. Why do we need ZEBs. Different types of ZEBs. ZEB verses green building. Common features in commercial buildings. Energy supply option for ZEB. Case study. Conclusion-advantages and disadvantages

INTRODUCTION
A zero energy building (ZEB) or net zero energy building is a general term applied to a building's use with zero net energy consumption and zero carbon emissions annually. A net-zero energy building or installation is one which creates as much energy as it consumes, considered energy self-sufficient or near selfsufficient through the use of on-site renewable energy, enhanced with energy efficient building technologies, thereby providing significant demand reduction without comprising the mission and

INTRODUCTION
A building approaching net zero-energy use may be called a near-zero energy building or ultralow energy houses. Buildings that produce a surplus of energy during a portion of the year may be known as energy-plus buildings. The zero-energy approach has potential to reduce carbon emissions, and reduce dependence on fossil fuels.

Why do we need zero energy buildings?

Buildings have a significant impact on energy use and the environment. Commercial and residential buildings use almost 40% of the primary energy and approximately 70% of the electricity. The energy used by the building sector continues to increase, primarily because new buildings are constructed faster than old ones are retired.

Why do we need zero energy buildings?

Electricity consumption in the commercial building sector doubled between 1980 and 2000, and is expected to increase another 50% by 2025 Energy consumption in the commercial building sector will continue to increase until buildings can be designed to produce enough energy to offset the growing energy demand of these buildings. A net ZEB is a building with greatly reduced energy needs through efficiency gains such that the balance of the energy needs can be supplied by renewable technologies.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF ZEBS

Net-zero site energy. A building that produces at least as much renewable energy in a year as it uses in non-renewable energy, when accounted for at the site. Net-zero source energy. A building that produces at least as much energy as it uses in a year, when accounted for at the source. Net-zero energy costs. A building where the amount of money a utility pays the buildings owner for the energy the building exports to the grid is at least equal to the amount the owner pays the utility for the energy services and energy used over the year. That is, the owners net

DIFFERENT TYPES OF ZEBS.

Net-zero energy emissions. A building that produces and exports at least as much emissions-free renewable energy as it uses from emission-producing energy sources annually. Near-zero energy. A building that produces at least 75% of its required energy through on-site renewable energy. Off-grid buildings that use some nonrenewable energy (such as a propane heater and small generator) for backup are considered near-zero energy because they typically cannot export excess renewable generation to offset fossil-fuel energy use.

Zero energy building versus green building

The goal of green building and sustainable architecture is to use resources more efficiently and reduce a building's negative impact on the environment. Zero energy buildings may or may not be considered "green" in all areas, such as reducing waste, using recycled building materials, etc. However, zero energy, or net-zero buildings do tend to have a much lower ecological impact over the life of the building compared with other 'green' buildings that require imported energy and/or fossil fuel to be habitable and meet the needs of occupants.

Zero energy building versus green building

Zero energy buildings achieve one key green-building goal of completely or very significantly reducing energy use and greenhouse gas emissions for the life of the building. Many Green building certification programs do not require a building to have net zero energy use, only to reduce energy use a few percentage points below the minimum required by law. The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification developed by the U.S. Green Building Council, and Green Globes, involve check lists that are measurement tools, not design tools. Inexperienced designers or architects may cherrypick points to meet a target certification level, even though

COMMON FEATURES OF ZEROENERGY COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS

They are not large- All eight buildings are one or two stories tall and comprise less than 15,000 square feet. Efficiency comes first. Every bit counts.- Energy saved in a ZEB is energy that the building doesnt have to produce. An effective methodology to achieve maximum building efficiency5 is: 1. Load reduction: Reduce every energy-consuming load to the minimum and eliminate unnecessary loads. In a new building, start with a design that includes only the energy services that are actually necessary. 2. Systems efficiency: Meet the remaining loads as efficiently as possible. Optimize the efficiency of the system as a whole, in addition to the individual components. (For example, make sure that pumps, motors, fans and insulation are optimally

COMMON FEATURES OF ZEROENERGY COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS

Integrated design and operation are necessary. On-site renewable energy is a priority. Grid connection makes it possible.- These buildings provide a useful service to the utilities, since they use less power (thus reducing demand) and produce excess power at what tend to be the utilitys peak usage times of the day and year. Monitoring and verification prove the achievement.Once a ZEB is in use, careful monitoring and verification are needed to back up the design claims and, often, to identify and correct improperly constructed or functioning systems.

ENERGY SUPPLY OPTIONS FOR ZEB Low-energy building technologies Daylighting, high-efficiency HVAC equipment, natural ventilation, evaporative cooling, etc. On-Site Supply Options PV, solar hot water, and wind located on the building or on-site, lowimpact hydro Off-Site Supply Options Biomass, biodiesel, wood pellets, ethanol, utility-based wind, or waste streams from on-site processes that can be used on-site to generate electricity and heat, emissions credits and others.

CASE STUDY

Aldo Leopold Legacy OVERVIEW Center

Location: Baraboo, WI Climate Region: Cold Humid Building type(s): Interpretive Center, Commercial office 11,900 ft2 (1,100 m2) Project scope: 3 1-story buildings Completed April 2007 Rating: U.S. Green Building Council LEED-NC Platinum (61 points) Rating: Zero Energy Building

Aldo Leopold Legacy Center

Use - Typically occupied by 12 people, 40 hours per person per week; and 85 visitors per week, 5 hours per visitor per week

Aldo Leopold Legacy Center

FEATURES:
39.6-kW rooftop photovoltaic (PV) array produces roughly 10% more energy per year than the energy it uses Building produces emissions-free renewable energy = emission-producing energy it uses annually. Waterless urinals, dual-flush toilets, and efficient faucets reduce water consumption by 65% An on-site well provides potable water, and an existing septic system treats wastewater.

Aldo Leopold Legacy Center

FEATURES:
60% of all materials were manufactured within 500 miles of the project site. Daylighting eliminates the need for electric lighting during most of the day. Ground-source heat pumps connected to a radiant slab provide heating and cooling, and an earth-tube system provides tempered fresh air.

AUDUBON CENTER AT DEBS PARK

OVERVIEW Location: Los Angeles, CA Building type(s): Interpretive Center, Recreation, Park 5,020 ft2 (467 m2) Project scope: a single building Completed November 2003 Rating: U.S. Green Building Council LEED-NC Level: Platinum (53 points) Rating: Zero Energy Building -Level: Near Zero

FEATURES:

AUDUBON CENTER AT DEBS PARK

The building is expected to require only five kWh per square foot due to its energy-efficient strategies including use of daylighting, photovoltaics, and thermal mass. The Center is operated entirely off-grid, using only power generated on site. The Center is designed to use 70% less water than a comparable conventional building AND to treat all wastewater on site. More than 50% of the building materials were manufactured locally more than 97% of construction debris was recycled.

CHALLENGERS TENNIS CLUB

OVERVIEW Location: Los Angeles, CA Building type(s): Recreation 3,500 ft2 (325 m2) Project scope: 2-story building Completed December 2002 Rating: Zero Energy Building

CHALLENGERS TENNIS CLUB

FEATURES:
Challengers Tennis uses 60% less energy compared to a similar building constructed. To supply needed energy, the building has a PV array on the roof that provides 100% of the facility's annual electricity consumption. The building has no mechanical cooling, but is kept comfortable through natural ventilation, unhindered air circulation, ceiling fans, internal thermal mass, superior insulation and glazing, and appropriate shading.

CHALLENGERS TENNIS CLUB

FEATURES:
Ample daylighting minimizes the use of artificial lighting, and all lighting fixtures use fluorescent lamps with either photocell or motion-sensor controls. Kitchen appliances and office equipment are Energy Star rated. About 75% of the building materials, by weight, were manufactured locally.

ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY CENTER

OVERVIEW Location: Rohnert Park, CA Building type(s): Laboratory, Higher education 2,200 ft2 (204 m2) Project scope: a single building Completed July 2001 Rating: Zero Energy Building

ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY CENTER

FEATURES:
Designed to use 80% less energy than similar building 3-kW rooftop photovoltaic (PV) system that is tied to the grid and is a energy exporter Building produces at least as much energy as it uses in a year The building includes energy- and water-efficient landscaping Smart building" control technologies Environmentally sensitive building materials Passive-solar heating and cooling Advanced window systems and daylighting Solar electric technology And electronic control systems.

HAWAII GATEWAY ENERGY CENTER

OVERVIEW Location: Kailua-Kona, HI Building type(s): Other, Assembly, Commercial office, Interpretive Center 3,600 ft2 (334 m2) Completed January 2005 Rating: Zero Energy Building Rating: U.S. Green Building Council LEED-NC, -Level: Platinum (52 points)

HAWAII GATEWAY ENERGY CENTER

FEATURES:
20-kilowatt photovoltaic (PV) system extensive daylighting it has a passive thermal chimney a cooling system that utilizes seawater to reduce energy consumption HGEC is designed as a thermal chimney, capturing heat and creating air movement using only building form and thermodynamic principles.

FEATURES:

HAWAII GATEWAY ENERGY CENTER

Outside air is moved through the building at a rate of 10 to 15 air changes per hour without the use of a mechanical system. The copper roof radiates heat from the sun into a ceiling plenum; the heated air rises and is exhausted through stacks on the building's north face. As the hot air is exhausted, fresh outside air is pulled into the occupied space from a vented underfloor plenum. Incoming air is drawn across cooling coils filled with 45F seawater and cooled to 72F. Condensation collected below the seawater cooling coils is used for flushing toilets and irrigating deep-rooted landscaping.

IDEAS Z SQUARED DESIGN FACILITY

OVERVIEW Location: San Jose, CA Building type(s): Commercial office Renovation of a 1960 building 6,560 ft2 (609 m2) Project scope: 2-story building Completed August 2007

FEATURES:

IDEAS Z SQUARED DESIGN FACILITY

30-kW rooftop and shade canopy-integrated photovoltaic system supplies 100% of IDeAs electricity needs Utilizes electrochromic glass and a photocell on the East windows to automatically reduce solar gains when the window is exposed to direct sunlight. Reduces summertime solar heat gain from sliding glass doors on the South faade via a unique sunshade constructed from laminated glass with integral photovoltaic cells. Utilizes waterless urinals, dual flush toilets and high efficiency faucets to reduce water.

FEATURES:

IDEAS Z SQUARED DESIGN FACILITY

Reduced parking areas and replaced with drought tolerant landscaping to reduce the heat island effect. The building harvests daylight and uses automatic lighting controls to reduce electric lighting energy consumption Uses occupancy sensors to turn off lights in unoccupied spaces High-efficiency HVAC system featuring radiant heating and cooling in the floor and a ground-source heat pump

Dubai's Burj al-Taqa: A Zero-Energy Tower in the Desert (UNDER CONSTRUCTION) FEATURES
The tower's faade is to be built from a new generation of vacuum glazing The new top-quality windows are meant to largely shield the interior of the tower from outside heat The use of wind towers atop buildings that suck cool air in and down from the roof, pushing warmer air out. There will be openings along the vertical face of the building and a duct system that will move fresh

Dubai's Burj al-Taqa: A Zero-Energy Tower in the Desert (UNDER CONSTRUCTION) FEATURES
A 60-meter turbine on the tower roof and two photovoltaic facilities with a total area of 15,000 square meters Island of solar panels with an area of 17,000 square meters which drifts in the sea within viewing distance of the tower. The excess electricity will be used to obtain hydrogen from sea water by means of electrolysis. The hydrogen is then stored in special tanks. At night, the energy facility uses fuel cells to generate electricity, keeping the tower working through the hours of darkness.

Elithis tower: the worlds first energy positive office building

FEATURES
Made of wood and recycled insulation Houses 330 rooftop solar panels and a solar shield to remove excess heat while allowing natural light to filter in Emissions from the office are recovered and reused within the Tower

Elithis tower: the worlds first energy positive office building

CONCLUSION

ZEB advantages
Isolation for building owners from future energy price increases Increased comfort due to more-uniform interior temperatures Reduced total cost of ownership due to improved energy efficiency Reduced total net monthly cost of living

ZEB advantages
Improved reliability - photovoltaic systems have 25-year warranties - seldom fail during weather problems - the 1982 photovoltaic systems on the Walt Disney World EPCOT Energy Pavilion are still working fine today, after going through 3 recent hurricanes Higher resale value as potential owners demand more ZEBs than available supply The value of a ZEB building relative to similar conventional building should increase every time energy costs increase

ZEB Disadvantages
Initial costs can be higher Very few designers or builders have the necessary skills or experience to build ZEBs Possible declines in future utility company renewable energy costs may lessen the value of capital invested in energy efficiency New photovoltaic solar cells equipment technology price has been falling at roughly 17% per year - It will lessen the value of capital invested in a solar electric generating system Current subsidies will be phased out as photovoltaic mass production lowers future price

ZEB Disadvantages
Challenge to recover higher initial costs on resale of building - appraisers are uninformed - their models do not consider energy Climate-specific design may limit future ability to respond to rising-or-falling temperatures while the individual house may use an average of net zero energy over a year, it may demand energy at the time when peak demand for the grid occurs. In such a case, the capacity of the grid must still provide electricity to all loads. Therefore, a ZEB may not reduce the required power plant capacity.

ZEB Disadvantages
Without an optimised thermal envelope the embodied energy, heating and cooling energy and resource usage is higher than needed. ZEB by definition do not mandate a minimum heating and cooling performance level thus allowing oversized renewable energy systems to fill the energy gap. Solar energy capture using the house envelope only works in locations unobstructed from the South. The solar energy capture cannot be optimized in South facing shade or wooded surroundings.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/zero-energy building. ZEB/Net%20Zero%20Energy%20Buildingll.htm ZEB/ZED%20DESIGNS%20home.html ZEB/Zero%20Energy%20_%20Zero%20Energy%20 Buildings.htm

THANK YOU