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Water Quality Parameters Overview

Water quality is determined by physical, chemical, and biological parameters. Key physical parameters include temperature, color, odor, turbidity, and electrical conductivity. Chemical parameters include pH, total dissolved solids, major ions like calcium and magnesium, and minor elements. Water is classified based on its total dissolved solid concentration as fresh, brackish, saline, or brine. Major cations and anions in water also influence quality. Water quality parameters determine its suitability for different uses like drinking, agriculture, industry, and recreation.

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419 views22 pages

Water Quality Parameters Overview

Water quality is determined by physical, chemical, and biological parameters. Key physical parameters include temperature, color, odor, turbidity, and electrical conductivity. Chemical parameters include pH, total dissolved solids, major ions like calcium and magnesium, and minor elements. Water is classified based on its total dissolved solid concentration as fresh, brackish, saline, or brine. Major cations and anions in water also influence quality. Water quality parameters determine its suitability for different uses like drinking, agriculture, industry, and recreation.

Uploaded by

Berenice Andriano
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Topic 1

WATER QUALITY
PARAMETERS

FISH ELEC 2: CHEMICAL EVALUATION OF WATERS AND AQUATIC PRODUCTS


Importance of Natural Water:
Water  The endless circulation of
Is an essential commodity water between atmosphere,
lithosphere, hydrosphere
to life and biosphere is known as
Used in all life-support hydrologic cycle
 We get water from
systems
Precipitation of water vapor
Major abiotic factor in the in the atmosphere
environment
Quality determine its Usage:
 Water has its own taste, color, smell and
constituents;
 Not all water can be used for all purposes
 The suitability of water for different purposes is
determined by its quality parameters
Quantity and Quality:

 Onthe average, each person in a developed country uses


about 260L of water a day in the home;
 The Quality of water is equally important than quantity;
 Even if present in huge amounts, we cannot salt water in many
life support activities.
Water quality Physical
parameters Properties
Water Temperature
has its own:
Physical Color
properties
Chemical properties Odor
Biological properties Turbidity
Electrical conductivity
Temperature (T) of Water:
 Essential for all environmental studies;
 Controls many ecological processes including chemical reactions;
 T of surface waters varies from space and time;
 T of ground water varies not only with reference to space and time
but also with reference to depth.
 The T of surface water is influenced by the atmospheric conditions;
 The T ofgroundwater is controlled by the thermal characteristics of
bedrocks and depth.
Color of Water:

Water color is due to suspended particles and organic


matter;
Ranges from light to dark brown;
Brownish color in water comes due to the presence of
iron;
Greenish color in ponds is seen due to the presence of
organic substance including algae
Odor of Water:

 Pure water is odorless


 When water dissolves other substances, the odor is
determined by them;
 Mostly decayed organic substances give fouling smell;
 Inorganic substances give earthly smell.
Turbidity of Water:

Muddiness in water
Comes due to suspended particles from clay,
silt and organic matter;
Controls the transparency of water
Transparency is measured using Secchi disc
Water turbidity using Nephelometer
Electrical Conductivity (EC)

 Ability of a substance to conduct an electric current


 The presence of charged ionic species makes water
conductive;
 It is measured using EC meters
 Directly related to temperature of water
 Pure water is less conductive
Chemical Properties
 pH
 Total Dissolve Solids (TDS)
 Major ions
 Minor or trace elements,
 Hardness
 Salinity
 Alkalinity
Quality of Water
 Total dissolved solid (ppm)
<1,000 - freshwater
1,000-10,000 – brackish water
10,000-1,000,000 – saline
> 1,000,000 – hypersaline or brine
Classifications of Dissolve Constituents
Basis for concentrations – mg/L
Charges (positive or negatively charged)
Level of Toxicity (toxic or non-toxic)
Major Cations in
Water Major Anions in
Calcium Water
Bicarbonate
Magnesium
Sodium Carbonate

Potassium Chloride

Source: Lithosphere Sulphate


Nitrate
Sulphate
Chemical Oxygen Demand
Isdetermined by chemical oxidation of
water with dichromate
Water Quality Parameters
Limits the suitability of water for different
purposes
Drinking
Domestic consumption
Agriculture
Industrial processes
Cleaning and recreation

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