A Presentation by:

Sana Noreen M12BBA040

Zuresha Amir M12BBA059
Shiza Jamil M12BBA025
Ambreen Amanat M12BBA072
Maria Nazeer M12BBA019
 Energy crises in Pakistan
Self sufficiency in energy is the assurance to excel any country economy
according to the international standard of oil and gas reserves will be
finished into 2nd half century
For the reason alternative resources are being explored
 COAL RESOURCES

Coal reserves 929 billion tons

40% is use to produce electricity
Pakistan has 185 billion ton of coal reserves
Coal reserves in Pakistan is equal to Saudi Arabia and Iran
CURRENT GOV. POLICIES
 Gov. taken appropriate action to produce electricity from thar coal and other
resources during the 5 coming years
 The power generating contract save foreign currency which is spent on the import
of oil
 Recently Gov. contracted with multi nation firms to produce 1000 MW electricity
ENERGY PRODUCTION BY DIFFERENT
RESOURCES

World level electricity produce by gas 19%

Electricity produce gas in Pakistan 46%
WORLD LVL BY NUCLEAR PRODUCTION 16%
IN PAKISTAN 2%
By hydro generated 16%
In Pakistan 3%
 LARGEST PRODUCTION
BY COAL
Iran is the 2nd largest oil producing company is producing electricity from
coal
China is producing 75%electricity from coal
China is ready to help us to produce electricity
PRODUCTION BY COAL
5000%

4500%

4000%

3500%

3000%

2500%

2000%

1500%

1000%

500%

0%
germany india australia china pakistan
 WIND ENERGY

 An important material is wind to produce energy

 Minimum 13 KM per hour wind blowing is supported to be sufficient
 BY LUCK we have points for sufficient energy production of wind
which is available in KRACHI and BALOCHISTAN
 IMPORTANCE
 Wind energy do not create any environment pollution
 It is cheap source of energy production
 As per scientist energy received from sun in one hour is more than the
whole world total energy production
PAKISTAN’s
ENERGY
SECTOR
 Share of sources in the overall energy mix
Co Nuclear
al

Share in
Sources energy mix
Oil (%)
Gas 50
Oil 15
Coal 7
Nuclear 2

Gas

Source: Pakistan Economic Survey 2012-13

 Net Primary Energy Supply:

• 64,727 thousand TOEs (Tons of Oil Equivalent) in 2012

• 64,522 thousand TOEs (Tons of Oil Equivalent) in 2011
• Growth rate of Net Primary Energy supply remained 1.8 percent for last six years
• Average growth rate of final energy use remained 2.9 percent for last six years
 Share of sources in energy consumption
Elec-
tric-
ity
Oil
LPG Share of source
Sources in Energy
Coal Consumption

Electricity 16%
Oil 29%
Coal 16%
Gas 44%
LPG 1%

Gas
Source: Hydrocarbon Development Institute of Pakistan
 Constraints in energy generation:

• Circular debt
• Weak financial position of energy companies
• Falling gas production
• High dependence on oil/gas
• Low exploitation of indigenous coal & hydel resources
• Unutilized power generation capacity
 Pakistan Energy Sources:
Oil
(Petroleum Natural Gas Coal
Product)

Alternative
Nuclear
Electricity Sources of
Energy Energy
I. Oil (Petroleum Product)
• Total Oil resource potential is 27 million barrels
• Production is 66,032 barrels per day
• 13 Companies are involved in Crude Oil production with OGDCL (Oil &
Gas Development Company Limited of Pakistan having the largest share
of 57%
• 7 Oil refineries are operating in Pakistan
Quantity of Crude Oil Quantity of Crude Oil
Produced Imported
24,573 thousand barrels 47,104 thousand barrels

• Main Users in petroleum are Transport & power

II. Natural Gas:

• Total resource potential is 282 trillion cubic feet

• Recoverable reserves of 24 trillion cubic feet
• Production of 4 billion cubic feet per day
 Sectoral Consumption of Gas

Households Power sec-

tor

Sector Share in
Consumption
Power sector 27.5%
Industry 22.6%
Households 23.2%

Industry

Source: Pakistan Economic Survey 2012-13

III. Coal:

• Pakistan has huge coal resources, estimated at over 186 billion tons
• To cater domestic demand, almost 4 million tons of coal is imported
• Major users of coal are the cement sector and brick kilns
IV. Nuclear Energy:

• Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) is

responsible for planning, construction and operation of
nuclear power plants i.e Karachi Nuclear Power Plant
(KANUPP) and Chashma Nuclear Power PlantUnit-1 and
2 (C-1 & C-2).
• The government has mandated Pakistan Atomic Energy
Commission (PAEC) for the installation of 8,800 MW
nuclear power capacities by the year 2030.
V. Electricity:

• Secondary source of energy

• Number of challenges & crises are being faced by this sector
• Shift from natural gas to fuel oil as a primary fuel for the electricity
generation have caused fuel crises in Pakistan’s power sector
• The generation capacity could not be operated at full due to
constraints in fuel availability and timely payments
• 3.377 MW added since 2008-09
• The addition could not bring any positive impact in load shedding because of
financial constraints lukewarm performance of public sector GENCOs
• Significant capacity needs to be added but this addition should be affordable,
sustainable and in line with a least cost generation
• The quickest options are to ‘squeeze’ the most out of existing capacity
vi. Alternative sources of energy

BIOMAS
SMALL/
S/
MINI/
WIND SOLAR WASTE-
MICRO
TO-
HYDRO
ENERGY
CAUSES OF ENERGY CRISES IN
PAKISTAN
 CAUSES OF ENERGY CRISIS IN
PAKISTAN

 Pakistan is facing energy crisis due to the failure of previous government to

create new project for the growing demand of electricity.
CAUSES OF ENERGY CRISIS IN
PAKISTAN
 Pakistan has already developed many projects for the electricity
needs but they are not enough to fulfil the whole electricity
demand of Pakistan. Currently Pakistan’s energy demand is
20,000 MW against the production of 11,500 MW, therefore due
to this imbalanced presents in supply and demand the problem of
Pakistan growing rapidly.
REASON OF ENERYGY CRISIS IN
PAKISTAN
Spontaneously increase in energy demand.
Aging of the equipment.
Role of government.
Hydal power generation.
Silting Process
Wastage of energy .
Monopoly in the business.
Mismanagement of energy resources.
SPONTANEOUSLY GROWING DEMAND
OF ELECTRICITY

Rapidly increase in population.

 Improvement in the living standard of people.
 Industrial development and expansion of houses.
 Lack of planning for the energy generation.
 Rapidly increase in transportation on a daily basis.
 AGING OF THE EQUIPMENT
 One of the reason of energy crisis in the Pakistan is the aging of the
equipment, which could not develop the electricity as per the
requirement is required. This is the responsibility of continuous
updating the equipment and keeping the high standard of
maintenance.
ROLE OF GOVERNMENT

 So far energy conservation is limited to newspaper ads lip service in

seminars. No serious thought is being given to utilize the energy at
the optimum level. Maximum energy is consumed by elite class
which have all the resources of knowledge and communication
HYDAL POWER GENERATION
 Pakistan has potential of hydro resources to generate 41000 to 45000 MW,
however, only 6555 MW is currently being generated by this important
renewable resource.
 Four large hydro power dams namely Kalabagh 3600 MW, Bhasha 4500 MW,
Bunji 5400 MW and Dasu 3800 MW can be constructed to generate hydro
electricity.
 Similarly, many small to medium hydro plants can be installed on rivers and
canals etc.
SILTING PROCESS

 It is a slow and continuous process, which has reduced the storage

capacity of terbela and mangla dams considerably.
 It reducing the storage capacity of the world’s reservoirs by more than
1% per year.
NATIONAL POWER POLICY 2013

 The Ministry of Water and Power of Government of Pakistan

has developed an ambitious power policy to support the
current and future needs of country

 This policy will also address the key challenges of the power
sector in order to provide much needed relief to the citizens of
Pakistan
CHALLENGES

Pakistan’s power sector is facing a large number of challenges that led to

following crisis:
1) Power sector is facing a large supply demand gap for electricity
where currently gap reaches to 4500-55oo MW such an enormous
gap has led to load shedding of 12-16 hours across the country

2) Highly expensive generation of electricity Rs 12 per unit due to

dependence on thermal fuel sources

3) In efficient power transmission and distribution system due to poor

infrastructure, mismanagement and theft of electricity
GOALS
The Government of Pakistan has set following goals to meet its
challenges:

1. Build a power generation capacity that can meet Pakistan energy

needs
2. Create a culture of power conservation
3. Minimize pilferage and adulteration in power supply
4. Promote world class efficiency in power generation
5. Improve the governance of related provincial and federal
departments
 Pakistan has set following targets to overcome the problems afflicting power
sector:
 Supply demand gap:
Decrease the supply demand gap from 4500-5000MW to 0 by
2017
TARGETS  Affordability:
Decrease cost of generation from Rs 12/unit to Rs 10/unit by 2017
 Efficiency:
Decrease transmission and distribution losses from 23-25% to
16% by 2017
 Financial Viability and Collections:
Increase collection from 85% to 95% by 2017
 Governance:
Decrease decision making processing time at the ministry and
related departments from long to short durations
 RECOMMENDATIONS

 REDUCING UNNECESSARY ENERGY USE

 Usage of electricity saving devices
 Awareness campaign for energy saving
 Reduction in unnecessary transportations by developing good public
transport systems and strengthening Pakistan railways
 Reduction in industrial uses with installation of effective equipment/ energy
efficient and with increasing efficiency of workforce (cost effective)
 RECOMMENDATIONS

  Decreasing reliance on rental power projects, because instead of

doing any good, they are increasing prices of electricity.
 Decreasing line losses by using efficient power transmission cables
 RECOMMENDATIONS

 DEVELOPING NEW ENERGY RESOURCES

 Tapping indigenous resources (Thar coal)
  Using renewable resources (water) by constructing new dams and hydro power
plants
  Import of natural gas by IPI (Iran, Pakistan, India) and TAPI (Turkmenistan,
Afghanistan, Pakistan and India) pipelines.
RECOMMENDATIONS

 UTILIZING ALTERNATIVE ENERGY RESOURCES

  Wind power
 Biodiesel /Biomass 
 Solar 
 Tidal
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