Lecturer 1 Well Test
Lecturer 1 Well Test
Lecturer 1 Well Test
6 Log approximation
4
-Ei(-x)
Ei-function
drops to zero
2
0
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100
-x
Short-Time Approximation for Ei-
Function Solution
Applies when
Applies when
PD CDe2s=100
CDe2s=0.01
Stem
Time group
0.01 100,000
tD/CD
Gringarten Type Curve
100
PD
Similarities of curves make
matching difficult
0.01 100,000
tD/CD
Pressure Derivative
Derivative Type Curve
100
Differences in curve
shapes make
matching easier CDe2s=1060
tD*PD
CDe2s=100
CDe2s=0.01
0.01 100,000
tD/CD
Pressure + Derivative Type Curves
100
Combining curves
gives each stem
value two distinctive
shapes
PD
0.01 100,000
tD/CD
Pressure/Derivative Type Curve
100
PD
Unit
Horizontal Derivative
Slope
Line
0.01 100,000
tD/CD
Pressure + Derivative Type Curve
100
High skin
PD No skin
Low skin
0.01 100,000
tD/CD
Field Data Plot
1,000
P
1
teq 1,000
Overlay Field Data on Type Curve
100
1,000
PD
P
1
teq 1,000
0.01 100,000
tD/CD
Move Field Data Toward Horizontal
100
1,000
PD
P
1,000
Stop when data align
with horizontal stems
P
PD
1
teq 1,000
0.01 100,000
tD/CD
Move Field Data Toward Stems
100
1,000
P
PD
1
teq 1,000
0.01 100,000
tD/CD
Move Field Data Toward Stems
100
Assume Assume Let’s say s=7x10
Calculate s from9
pD =1,000
10 Dp = 262 matching stem value
p/pD k
Extrapolate curve
p as necessary
pD
Assume
teq = 0.0546
1
teq 1,000
Teq/tD CD
0.01 100,000
Assume
tD/CD = 1 tD/CD
Exercise 1
Estimating Permeability and Skin Factor
from the Diagnostic Plot
1000
pr
Pressure change, psi
100
(tp’)r
10
1
0.01 0.1 1 10 tr 100 1000