Democracy

PHILIPPINE
DEMOCRATIC
POLITICS
5. Historical Background of Philippine Democratic
Politics
5.1 The evolution of Philippine politics, government, and
governance.
a. Pre Spanish Government
b. Philippines under Spanish Rule
c. American Period
d. Commonwealth
e. Japanese Occupation
f. The Philippine Republic

Manuel L. Quezon 1935-1944
Jose P. Laurel 1943-1945
Sergio Osmena 1944-1946
Manuel Roxas 1946-1948
Elpidio Quirino 1948-1953
Ramon Magsaysay 1953-1957
Carlos P. Garcia 1957-1961
Diosdado Macapagal 1961-1965
Ferdinand Marcos 1965 – 1986
Corazon Aquino 1986-1992
Fidel V. Ramos 1992-1998
Joseph Estrada 1998-2001
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo 2001-2010
Benigno Aquino 2010-2016
Rodrigo R. Duterte 2010-Present
1899 - 1901
1935 - 1943
1943 - 1945
1945 - 1946
1946 - 1948
1948 - 1953
1953 - 1957
1957 -1961
1961 - 1965
1965 - 1986
1986 - 1992
1992 - 1998
1998 - 2001
2001 - 2010
2010 -2016
2016 -Present
6. The Executive
6.1 The role of the Philippine
President in relation to his/her
powers
a. Chief of State - Acts as the symbolic

leader of the country
b. Chief Executive - The
president is the head of the
executive branch and is
responsible for running the
bureaucracy and enforcing
the laws passed by Congress.
Chief Executive - Executes the laws, appoints key
officials, grants pardons and reprieves
As part of the power to enforce the law, the

Constitution grants the president the power
to pardon, or release from punishment, people
convicted of crimes. In theory, this power allows
the president to prevent a miscarriage of justice.
Presidential pardons are absolute, and they
cannot be overturned. The president can also
grant reprieves, which are formal postponements
of the execution of a sentence.
C. Commander In Chief
• Runs the armed forces
D. Chief Diplomat
Negotiates with
other countries
E. Chief Legislator
Signs or vetoes legislation,
introduces legislation, works
with Congress on the budget
F. Superpolitician
Helps his or her party raise
money and elect candidates
7. The Legislative
• 7.1 The role and responsibilities of the Philippine Senate

and the House of Representatives
• Legislation – the action or process of making law, or a
set of laws made by the government
LEGISLATURE – from the Latin word lex, legis meaning law.

The legislative branch broadly deals with the making,
deliberation over, enactment, amendment and
repealing of laws.
Basic Structures
Unicameral – consists of one

branch
Bicameral – consists of two

chambers or branches
Senate
Composition – 24 Senators
Qualifications – natural born citizen
at least 35 y/o on election day
literate
Registered voter
A resident of the Phils. For at least 2
years prior to election
Term of office 6 years, maximum of 2 terms
House of Representatives
Composition – 200 District Reps., 50 Party List
Qualifications – Natural born citizen
At least 25 y/o on election day
Literate
Registered voter of the district
A resident of the district for 1
year prior to election
Term of office 3 years, maximum of 3 terms
Parliamentary Privileges
PRIVILEGE FROM ARREST

Immunity from offenses punishable by
not more than 6 years
PRIVILEGE OF SPEECH AND DEBATE

Immunity from libel and slander
Powers of Congress
• Appointment of public officials
• Legislative Inquiry and Investigation
• Declare the existence of a state of war
• Ratify treaties (Senate)
• Authorize limited emergency powers for
the president
• Approve the government budget
Powers of Congress
• Undertake projects under the CDF
• Propose, review, and adopt bills for enactment into
law
• Overturn a presidential veto
• Allow a referendum
• Propose amendments to the constitution and call for a
constitutional convention
ACTIVITY
1. If you are one of the Senator of this
Republic, what would be your stand
about SOGIE BILL? WHY?
2. If you are one of the Congressmen what
particular BILL you are going to pass on
the senate that you think would give
help to the situation of your country?
WHY?
8. The Judiciary
• 8.1 The role and responsibilities of the Philippine

Judiciary
SUPREME COURT – the highest court of the land. The
final arbiter of all controversies and disputes brought
by parties to the courts of law.
Composition: One Chief Justice
14 Associate Justices
Qualifications
• Must be a natural born filipino citizen

• At least 40 years old
• 15 years or more as a judge of a lower
court or engaged in the practice of law in
the Philippines
• Must be a person of proven competence,
integrity, probity and independence
Tenure of Office
• Members of the Supreme Court and judges of
the lower courts shall enjoy their office during
good behavior.
• Members of the Supreme Court shall enjoy
the position until they are removed from
impeachment.
• Hold office until they reach 70 years old or
become incapacitated.
• Until dismissed by members of the SC for
probable cause.
Powers of the SC
1. Exercise original jurisdiction over cases involving
ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, and
over petitions for certiorari, mandamus, quo
warranto, prohibition, and habeas corpus
Certiorari – Special civil action requesting a lower
court or body to transmit the records to the superior
court for review.
Prohibition – a written order by which a superior
court commands a lower court to stop further
proceeding.
Mandamus – Order by a superior court to a
lower court to perform a certain act which it is
bound to do so.
Quo Warranto – An action by the government to
recover an office or franchise from an
individual or corporation usurping or
unlawfully holding it.
2. Review judgment of lower courts. Cases
involving constitutionality, legality of taxes,
reclusion perpetua, and errors on questions
of law.
3. Assignment of judges to the lower
courts.
4. Order a change of venue for a trial.
5. Promulgate rules of court.
6. Appoint officials of the judiciary and hire
employees for the judicial branch.
GROUP WORK
• SEARCH FOR THE BIOGRAPHY
OF THE PARTICULAR
PRESIDENT THAT WAS
ASSIGNED TO YOUR GROUP.
• REPORT IT IN FRONT OF CLASS
ON MONDAY.
ACTIVITY
use 1 whole sheet of paper.
• Write at least two advantages and disadvantages of Democracy.
• For you, who is the best among the presidents of this republic?
Explain why?
• Provide additional three sentences for your reflection or
opinion on the power and function of the ff.
a. President
b. Congress
c. Senate
d. Supreme Court.

Democracy

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PHILIPPINE

f. The Philippine Republic

a. Chief of State - Acts as the symbolic

As part of the power to enforce the law, the

• 7.1 The role and responsibilities of the Philippine Senate

LEGISLATURE – from the Latin word lex, legis meaning law.

Unicameral – consists of one

Bicameral – consists of two

PRIVILEGE FROM ARREST

PRIVILEGE OF SPEECH AND DEBATE

• 8.1 The role and responsibilities of the Philippine

• Must be a natural born filipino citizen

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