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    Codd's Rule

    Uploaded by

    Neelesh Bhattacharjee
    Codd's 12 rules define the properties that a relational database management system must have in order to be considered truly relational. The rules address requirements like storing data in tables, guaranteeing access via primary keys, supporting logical and physical data independence, and more. Relational databases must also support integrity constraints like primary keys to ensure uniqueness, domain constraints to define valid attribute values, and referential integrity constraints to define relationships between tables.

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    Codd's Rule

    Uploaded by

    Neelesh Bhattacharjee
    38 views4 pages
    Codd's 12 rules define the properties that a relational database management system must have in order to be considered truly relational. The rules address requirements like storing data in tables, guaranteeing access via primary keys, supporting logical and physical data independence, and more. Relational databases must also support integrity constraints like primary keys to ensure uniqueness, domain constraints to define valid attribute values, and referential integrity constraints to define relationships between tables.

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    Codds rule.

    Original Title

    Codd’s rule

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    Codd's 12 rules define the properties that a relational database management system must have in order to be considered truly relational. The rules address requirements like storing data in tables, guaranteeing access via primary keys, supporting logical and physical data independence, and more. Relational databases must also support integrity constraints like primary keys to ensure uniqueness, domain constraints to define valid attribute values, and referential integrity constraints to define relationships between tables.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    38 views4 pages

    Codd's Rule

    Uploaded by

    Neelesh Bhattacharjee
    Codd's 12 rules define the properties that a relational database management system must have in order to be considered truly relational. The rules address requirements like storing data in tables, guaranteeing access via primary keys, supporting logical and physical data independence, and more. Relational databases must also support integrity constraints like primary keys to ensure uniqueness, domain constraints to define valid attribute values, and referential integrity constraints to define relationships between tables.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    Codd’s rule

    Codd's Rule for Relational DBMS


    Rule zero: Able to manage entire database relationally.
    Rule 1: Information rule- data is stored in cells of tables.
    Rule 2: Guaranteed Access: Each unique piece of data should be accesicible by
    Table Name + Primary Key + Attribute
    Rule 3: Systematic treatment of NULL
    Rule 4: Active Online Catalog
    Rule 5: Powerful and Well-Structured Language
    Rule 6: View Updation Rule
    Rule 7: Relational Level Operation
    Rule 8: Physical Data Independence
    Rule 9: Logical Data Independence
    Rule 10: Integrity Independence-able to enforce its own integrity
    Rule 11: Distribution Independence
    Rule 12: Nonsubversion Rule- lower level access should not by pass integrity

    Tuple: Row
    Attribute:
    Attribute Domain
    When an attribute is defined in a relation(table), it is defined to hold only a certain type of
    values, which is known as Attribute Domain. Hence, the attribute Name will hold the name
    of employee for every tuple.
    Relation Schema: A relation schema describes the structure of the relation, with the name of
    the relation(name of table),
    its attributes and their names and type.
    Relation Key
    A relation key is an attribute which can uniquely identify a particular tuple(row) in a
    relation(table).
    Relational Integrity Constraints
    Every relation in a relational database model should abide by or follow a few constraints to be a
    valid relation, these constraints are called as Relational Integrity Constraints.
    The three main Integrity Constraints are:
    • Key Constraints
    • Domain Constraints
    • Referential integrity Constraints

    Key Constraints ( Key attribute.)


    The Key Constraint specifies that there should be such an attribute(column) in a relation(table),
    which can be used to fetch data for any tuple(row).
    The Key attribute should never be NULL or same for two different row of data.
    Domain Constraint
    Domain constraints refers to the rules defined for the values that can be stored for a certain
    attribute.
    Referential Integrity Constraint
    Database Design Objective
     Eliminate Data Redundancy: the same piece of data shall not be stored in more than one
    place. This is because duplicate data not only waste storage spaces but also easily lead
    to inconsistencies.
     Ensure Data Integrity and Accuracy:
    Relational Database Design Process
     Step 1: Define the Purpose of the Database (Requirement Analysis) ...
     Step 2: Gather Data, Organize in tables and Specify the Primary Keys. ...
     Step 3: Create Relationships among Tables. ...
     Step 4: Refine & Normalize the Design.
    Primary Key
    Choose one column (or a few columns) as the so-called primary key, which uniquely
    identify the each of the rows.
    In the relational model, a table cannot contain duplicate rows, because that would create
    ambiguities in retrieval. To ensure uniqueness, each table should have a column (or a set of
    columns), called primary key, that uniquely identifies every records of the table.

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