Engineering Mechanics

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 Why engineering mechanics?
Studying Engineering Mechanics is fun!

Solving problems develops logical thinking and ability to

apply basic principles in new situations.

No engineer can work in isolation of the other branches as

any product requires many engineering branches.

You can be a very good electrical designer but you need

the help of mechanical engineers for designing the motor
body, transformer etc. Engineering Mechanics will help you
understand their work.

Civil/Mechanical/Metallurgy/Ceramic/Bio-technology/Mining
– Mechanics is a foundation

If you go deeply enough, you will think of voltage as mass,

capacitor as spring and resistor as mechanical damper!
What is Mechanics?
 What is Mechanics?

Football Bouncing Wheels rolling

How all these motions happen?

 What is Mechanics?

All these motions are interaction of different bodies

and effect of forces acting on them

The branch of science dealing with the effect of

forces on bodies is called Mechanics
Text Book

S. P. Timoshenko, D. H. Young, J. V.
Rao and Sukumar Pati: Engineering
Mechanics, Fifth edition, Tata-McGraw
Hill, 2013
 Text Book
Meriam and Kraige, Pdf Version
 Books for Reference
1.Engineering Mechanics, by Meriam & Craige, John Wiley & Sons.

2.Engineering Mechanics, by Irwing Shames, Prentice Hall of India.

3.Mechanics for Engineers, by Beer and Johnston, McGraw Hills
tion
4.Engineering Mechanics, by K.L. Kumar, Tata McGraw Hills Co.
5. Machanics of Materials, by E.P.Popov
6. Machanics of Materials, by E J Hearn
7. Strength of materials, by Beer and Johnston
8. Strength of materials, by F L Singer & Andrew Pytel
9. Strength of Materials, by B.S. Basavarajaiah & P. Mahadevappa
10. Strength of Materials, by Ramamruthum
11. Strength of Materials, by S S Bhavikatti
 Engineering Mechanics

Mechanics of Solids Mechanics of Fluids

Mechanics of Mechanics of
rigid bodies deformable
bodies

Statics Dynamics

Kinetics Kinematics
Idealisations of Mechanics !
Basic dimensions and units of mechanics

Primary Units
– Length (m)
– Time (s) SI Units
– Mass (kg)

Secondary Units
– Velocity (m/s)
– Acceleration (m/s2)
– Force (N = kg-m/s2)
– etc..
– etc..
 Particle

The idealization of particle is useful in dealing with

the translatory motion of rigid bodies that could
have the size of a car or even a planet

Example: while studying planetary motion, sun and

planets, moon, a satellite orbiting the earth and seen
from the earth are considered as particle.

This assumption ceases to be valid when rotation of

the rigid body is also involved.
Rigid/deformable bodies ?
 Rigid Body

AB = A’B’

Relative positions of any two particles in rigid body do

not change under the action of the forces
Concept of Rigid Body :

It is defined as a definite amount of matter the parts of which are fixed in

position relative to one another under the application of load.

Actually solid bodies are never rigid; they deform under the action of applied
forces. In those cases where this deformation is negligible compared to the
size of the body, the body may be considered to be rigid.
Particle

A body whose dimensions are negligible when compared to the distances

involved in the discussion of its motion is called a ‘Particle’.

For example, while studying the motion of sun and earth, they are
considered as particles since their dimensions are small when compared
with the distance between them.
Force

It is that agent which causes or tends to cause, changes or tends to

change the state of rest or of motion of a mass.

A force is fully defined only when the following four characteristics are
known:
(i) Magnitude
(ii) Direction
(iii) Point of application
(iv) Sense.
Force:

characteristics of the force 100 kN are :

(i) Magnitude = 100 kN
(ii) Direction = at an inclination of 300 to the x-axis
(iii) Point of application = at point A as shown in fig.
(iv) Sense = towards point A
100 kN

A
300
Scalars and Vectors

A quantity is said to be a ‘scalar’ if it is completely defined by its magnitude

alone.
Example : Length, Area, and Time.

A quantity is said to be a ‘vector’ if it is completely defined only when its

magnitude and direction are specified.
Example : Force, Velocity, and Acceleration.
 Principle of Transmissibility :  It is stated as follows :
‘The external effect of a force on a rigid body is the same for all
points of application along its line of action’.

A B
P P

For example, consider the above figure. The motion of the block will
be the same if a force of magnitude P is applied as a push at A or as
a pull at B.

P P
O

The same is true when the force is applied at a point O.

 1. RESULTANT OF COPLANAR FORCES

Resultant, R : It is defined as that single force which can replace a set

of forces, in a force system, and cause the same external effect.

R
F2
=
F
1

A
A

F3
R  F1  F2  F3
external effect on particle, A is same
Resultant of two forces acting at a point

Parallelogram law of forces : ‘If two forces acting at a point are represented in
magnitude and direction by the two adjacent sides of a parallelogram, then
the resultant of these two forces is represented in magnitude and direction
by the diagonal of the parallelogram passing through the same point.’

B
C
P2 R


O
P1 A
Contd..
 B
C
P2 R


O
P1 A

In the above figure, P1 and P2, represented by the sides OA and OB

have R as their resultant represented by the diagonal OC of the
parallelogram OACB.

an be shown that the magnitude of the resultant is given by:

= P12 + P22 + 2P1P2Cos α

lination of the resultant w.r.t. the force P1 is given by:

 = tan-1 [( P2 Sin ) / ( P1 + P2 Cos  )]

 Resultant of two forces acting at a point at right angle

B
C
P2 R


O
P1 A

If α = 900 , (two forces acting at a point are at right angle)

B C

P2 R 2
R  P1  P 2 2

O P2
P1 A tan  
P1
Triangle law of forces

‘If two forces acting at a point can be represented both in

magnitude and direction, by the two sides of a triangle taken in
tip to tail order, the third side of the triangle represents both in
magnitude and direction the resultant force F, the sense of the
same is defined by its tail at the tail of the first force and its tip at
the tip of the second force’.
 Triangle law of forces

Let F1 and F2 be the two forces acting at a point A

and θ is the included angle.
F1 F1
R θ
=
θ
A F2
F2

‘Arrange the two forces as two sides of a triangle

taken in tip to tail order, the third side of the triangle represents
both in magnitude and direction the resultant force R.

the sense of the resultant force is defined by its tail at the tail of
the first force and its tip at the tip of the second force’.
 Triangle law of forces

F1
F1
R θ
=
θ
A F2
F2 F1 F R
 2 
sin  sin  sin(180     )

R  F
1


(180 -  - ) = θ
F2

where α and β are the angles made by the resultant

force with the force F1 and F2 respectively.
Thank You