British

BRITISH
IMPERIALISM
•S A B A H AT B AT O O L
C O U R S E T I T L E : C O N T E M P O R A RY
B R I TA I N
THE MUGHAL EMPIRE
• In (1526-1757)Muslim were favored over the
majority Hindus.
• The Mughals empire began decline with
religious conflict between Muslims and
Hindus.
• In this result Mughal empire divided into
parts.
• Muslim were the majority in the
Northwest(Pakistan) &
Northeast(Bangladesh).
END OF MUGHAL RULE
• 1600s, the British East India Company (BEIC)

established trading posts at Bombay (Mumbai),
Madras (Chennai), and Calcutta.
• At first, India’s ruling Mughal Empire kept
European traders under control, but already
weakened by civil war and misrule few, Indians
wished to defend it.
• By 1707, however, the Mughal Empire was
collapsing. Dozens of small states, each headed
by a ruler or maharajah, broke away from
Mughal control.
BRITISH IMPERIALISM
IMPERIALISM
• A policy of extending a country's
power and influence through
colonization, use of military
force, or other means.
THE BRITISH EMPIRE
• British Empire was a worldwide
system of dependencies that was
brought under the sovereignty of
the crown of Great Britain and the
administration of the British
government over some three
centuries.
• Britain had established colonies
all around the world.
BRITISH EAST INDIA
COMPANY
• Established to control trade
between India and Britain
(1600)
• Company established
trading rights in India
during the Mughal Empire
•In 1600, a group of English
HISTORY OF
businessmen asked Elizabeth I
EAST INDIA
for a royal charter that would
COMPANY let them voyage to the East
Indies on behalf of the crown in
exchange for a monopoly on
trade. The merchants put up
nearly 70,000 pounds of their
own money to finance the
venture, and the East India
Company was born.
•Sir Thomas Roe took permission
from Jahangir to start trade in
India.
BRITISH EAST INDIA COMPANY
• Company ran India without

interference from Britain
• Established its own army
 Led by British officers
 Used Indian soldiers known as Sepoys
against each other
• British crushed the rebellion in 1858
SEPOY MUTINY
• British officers angered Sepoys by
demanding they follow rules that go a
British punished Sepoys who refused
to load rifles
• Hindus and Muslims revolted against
the British in 1857
• Both sides committed atrocities
against each other
• British crushed the rebellion in 1858
against their religious beliefs (1857)
• Were required to bite off bullet cartridges
covered in pork and beef fat
• Cows sacred to Hindus
• Muslims not allowed to eat pork
SEPOY MUTINY
• British officers angered Sepoys by
demanding they follow rules that go
against their religious beliefs (1857)
• Were required to bite off bullet cartridges
covered in pork and beef fat
• Cows sacred to Hindus
• Muslims not allowed to eat pork
Positives of British Negatives of British
Rule Rule
• Indian resources are
• New roads and Railroads
removed from India and
link India
sent to Britain
• Telegraph and Postal
• Indians forced to buy
systems unite people in
British made goods
India
instead of local made
• Irrigation systems
products
improve farming
• Farms grow cash crops
• New laws mean justice
rather than food crops
for all people
• Indians are treated as
• Exposure to western
inferior
education
• British try to replace
• Customs that threatened
Indian culture with
Human rights ended
western culture
Indians felt they were Barred from top jobs in
treated as 2nd class Indian Civil Service
citizens
Rise of
Nationalism
in India
Paid less than British Wanted more of a say

workers in government
INDIAN NATIONALISM
• Ram Mohun Roy

Believed Indians had to change in
order to be free from western control.
Change some traditional practices
Sati, rigid caste structure, arranged
marriages.
• Called for India to modernize and
westernize
• writings contributed to growth of
nationalism
Hindu
Indian
National
Congress
(1885)
Growth of Desire Became
Indian for leaders of
Nationalism Self Indian
Rule Independence
Muslim
League
(1906)
Muslim
INDIAN
NATIONALISM
• The Indian National
Congress (1885)
• Primarily made up of
Hindus
• Pushed for self rule
• Boycotted British goods
to protest division of
Bengal by religion
• Swadeshi boycott
• Wore only traditional
Indian clothing
MUSLIM LEAGUE
• The Muslim League
• Formed to protect the
interest of Muslims in
India
• Called for self rule
TWO NATION VS ONE NATION
THEORY
Two Nation Theory One Nation Theory
. One Country Pakistan One country Hindustan
. Second Country India
One Nation Muslim One Nation Hindu
Second Nation Hindu
One Language Urdu One Language Hindi
Second Language Hindi
One Religion Islam One religion Hinduism
Second Religion Hinduism
One Constitute Islam One Constitute Philosophy of Gandhi
TWO NATION VS ONE NATION
THEORY
• The Two Nation theory in its simplest way means the

cultural, political, religious, economic and social
dissimilarities between the two major communities,
Hindus and Muslims of the subcontinent. These
differences of out look, in fact, were greatly instrumental
in giving rise to two distinct political ideologies which
were responsible for the partition of subcontinent into two
independent states.

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British

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BRITISH

• 1600s, the British East India Company (BEIC)

• Company ran India without

Paid less than British Wanted more of a say

• Ram Mohun Roy

• The Two Nation theory in its simplest way means the

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