Public Planning in

Pakistan
By; Engr.Dr. Attaullah Shah

BSc Engg ( Gold Medlaist), MSc Engg ( Strs), MBA, MA ( Eco)

MSc Envir Design, PGD Computer Sc,
Tel: 051-9250100
E-mail: pdaiou@yahoo.com.
 What is Planning?
What needs to be done by whom and when
 Setting of objectives for an organization and
establishing the policies, procedures, programs
necessary to achieve them.
 Why?
 To reduce uncertainty
 Improve efficiency
 Better understanding of objectives
 Provide Base for Monitoring and Controlling.
 Types:
 Strategic Planning: Five years or more-

 Tactical Planning: One to two years.

 Operational Planning: One day to few months
 Component of Planning
 Objectives: Goals and targets.
 Program: Strategy and Major actions.
 Schedule: Plan of start and finish of individual and group
activities.
 Budget: Planned Expenditures required to achieve or
exceed objectives.
 Forecast: Projection that what will happen at some future
date?
 Organization: Design , NO. and kinds of positions along
with corresponding duties and responsibilities to achieve or
exceed organizational objectives.
 Policy: General guidelines for decision making.
 Procedure: A detailed Method of carrying out a policy.
 Standard: A level of individual or group performance
defined as acceptable and adequate.
 WHAT IS VISION?
Seven Principles of Sound Public Policy
 #1: Free people are not equal, and equal people are not
free.
 #2: What belongs to you, you tend to take care of; what
belongs to no one or everyone tends to fall into disrepair.
#
 #3: Sound policy requires that we consider long-run
effects and all people, not simply short-run effects and a
few people. 
 #4: If you encourage something, you get more of it; if you
discourage something, you get less of it
 #5: Nobody spends somebody else's money as carefully as
he spends his own. 
#6: Government has nothing to give anybody except what
it first takes from somebody, and a government that's big
enough to give you everything you want is big enough to
take away everything you've got. 
 #7: Liberty makes all the difference in the world. 
Major challenges to Developing Nations
 Achievement of economic independence,
 Overcoming backwardness and Poverty Alleviation
 Implementation of socio-economic transformation.
 Sustainable development.

 Planning is a dynamic process, a method of analysis and

thinking which may or may not involve the preparation
of comprehensive legally binding blueprint for socio-
economic development.

 In essence, a plan is a package of economic and social

policies expressed with quantified targets and objectives
to be achieved during a laid-down period
 History of Planning Bodies in Pakistan
 Development Board was established early in 1948
 In 1950 a Six-Year Development Plan was formulated and
embodied in the Colombo Plan for Cooperative Economic
Development in South and South East Asia..
 Planning Board: 18th July, 1953,
 To develop the resources of the country as rapidly as possible so
as to promote the welfare of the people, provide adequate living
standards, and social services, secure social justice and equality of
opportunity to all and aim at the widest and most equitable
distribution of national wealth.
 Planning Commission  On 22nd October 1958, the President was
pleased to re-designate the National Planning Board as the
Planning Commission.
 Federal Ministries/Divisions
 The Federal Ministries
 are responsible for the preparation of programmes and projects
in their respective fields of interest including autonomous
organizations under their control
 Conceptual Plans.
Perspective Plan-Vision Plan ( Ex: 2030 Vision)
 To provide a long-term (15-25 years) economic and social policy
framework so that the objectives to be achieved over a much
longer period can be incorporated in a medium-term
framework.
Five Year Plan:
 A five year plan is a general statement of objectives and targets
relating to the economy as a whole and its various component
sectors.
Roll-On Plan
 In order to bring flexibility into the Five Year, a roll-on plan of
medium term is designed in which the sectoral and project-wise
position is adjusted according to the foregoing year
Annual Plan
 It is regarded as the implementation side of the five year plan.
 The annual plan includes an evaluation of past performance, a
presentation of the main targets, an assessment of the resource
position for the year.
 Public Sector Development Program PSDP
 The Public Sector Development Programme (PSDP) is
an annual document which lists all the public sector
projects/ programmes with specific allocations made for
each one of them in that particular financial year. ( 1920
Projects in 2006-07)
 Federal Vs Provincial Projects
 Major share of the total Development Programme is
allocated to Federal projects
 While the remainder is allocated to the Provincial
Development Programme.
FEASIBILITY STUDY
Pre-requisite for preparation of a major development project on
sound lines, and is not ruled out even for a minor one
Preparation/Processing of PC-II.
  For Large projects of cost 500 Million or more
 Consultants are appointed for pre-feasibility.
 The consultancy charges should not exceed 10%

PC-I/Project Feasibility:
 Part 'A' is the "Project Digest", containing eight questions which are
more or less common to all sectoral PC-Is forms.
 Part 'B' entitled "Project Description and Financing",
 Part 'C' deals with "Project Requirements".
 Part 'D' deals with environmental aspects.
 PC-III Proforma
 Designed to furnish information on the progress of on-going
projects on quarterly basis

 PC-IV & V Proformae

 PC-IV form is required to be submitted at the time when the
project is adjudged to be complete while the PC-V form is to
be furnished on an annual basis for a period of five years by
the agencies responsible for operation and maintenance of the
projects.

 Umbrella PC-I
 Some times a Federal Ministry is required to prepare a PC-I
having provincial components to be financed through a joint
loan by a donor agency.
 Project Appraisal.
 Technical Analysis
 The analysis for determining the technical viability of the development project is based
on the technical data and information given in the PC-I form as well as the earlier
experience of carrying out similar projects.

 Institutional/Organizational/Managerial Analysis
 A whole range of issues in project preparation revolves around the overlapping
institutional, organizational and managerial aspects of the project.

 Social Analysis
 Social analysis is undertaken to examine the aspects like employment
opportunities and income distribution.

 Commercial Analysis
 The commercial aspects of a project include the arrangements for marketing
the output produced by the project and the arrangement for the supply of
inputs needed to build and operate the project
 Financial Analysis
 Financial analysis involves assessment of financial impact, judgment of
efficient resource use, assessment of incentives, provision of a sound financing
plan, coordination of financial contribution and assessment of financial
management competence.
 Economic Analysis
 Analysis from the economic aspect assesses the
desirability of an investment proposal in terms of its
effect on the economy.
Remarks:
 The planning process in Pakistan starts with the PC1.
This is a document, which by its very nature excludes
any public discussion and debate and in fact, makes it
redundant. To avoid the disasters we have
experienced in the name of development, it is
imperative that discussions and consultations between
citizens and government agencies take place at the
conceptual level of the project.
Director Urban Resource Center Karachi
 PROJECT APPROVING BODIES
 National Economic Council (NEC) –CEO/PM as Chief
( No limit)
 Executive Committee of National Economic Council
(ECNEC) Above 500 M
 Headed by the Federal Minister of Finance/ Adviser to the
Prime Minister for Finance and Economic and Planning.
 Economic Coordination Committee of the Cabinet (ECC)
 Headed by the Federal Minister for Finance and Federal
Ministers of economic ministries as its members. It attends to
all urgent day-to-day economic matters and coordinates the
economic policies initiated by the various Divisions of the
Government
 Central Development Working Party (CDWP)
 Headed by the Deputy Chairman, Planning Commission and
which includes as its members the Secretaries of the Federal
Ministries concerned with the development and the heads of
the Planning Departments of the Provincial Governments.
 Departmental Development Working Party
(DDWP/DSC)
 Headed by the respective Secretary/ Head of Department
and includes representatives of Finance Division and
concerned Technical Section in the Planning and
Development Division.
 Provincial Working Party (PDWP):
 headed by the Chairman, Development Board/Additional
Chief Secretary (Development) and includes Secretaries of
the Provincial Departments concerned with development, as
its members
 Planning History of Pakistan
 By 1950 a six-year plan drafted. But the initial effort was
unsystematic.

 First Five-Year Plan (1955-60). Not implemented,

because political instability led to a neglect of economic policy,
but in 1958 the government renewed its commitment to planning
by establishing the Planning Commission.

 The Second Five-Year Plan (1960-65) surpassed its major goals

when all sectors showed substantial growth.

 Third Five-Year Plan (1965-70), designed along the lines of its

immediate predecessor, produced only modest growth.
 The Fourth Five-Year Plan (1970-75) was abandoned as East
Pakistan became independent Bangladesh.
•The Fifth Five-Year Plan (1978-83) was an attempt to stabilize the
economy and improve the standard of living of the poorest segment
of the population. Increased defense expenditures and a flood of
refugees to Pakistan after the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in
December 1979.

The Sixth Five-Year Plan (1983-88) represented a significant shift

toward the private sector.
The Seventh Five-Year Plan (1988-93) provided for total public-
sector spending of Rs350 billion.

Eighth Five-Year Plan (1993-98): The Plan, which ended up in

achieving far less than proposed development targets, dealt with the
issues of sustainable environment and management of water
resources.
 Ninth Five-Year Plan (1998-2003): Could not materialize
due to change of Government.

 Ten-Year Perspective Development Plan (2001-2011):

By adopting strategies to reach the Millennium
Development Goals (MDGs), the Ten-Year Perspective
Development Plan was launched into operation on 1st July,
2001. Its total size has been fixed at Rs.11,287 billion in
current prices out of which Rs.8,747 billion have been
envisaged as the investment of private sector and Rs.2,540
billion as Public Sector Development Program (PSDP).
 Millennium Development Goals.
Goal 1: Eradicating Extreme Poverty and Hunger

Goal 2: Achieving Universal Primary Education.

Goal 3: Promoting Gender Equality and Women Empowerment.

Goal 4: Reducing Child Mortality.

Goal 5: Improving Maternal Health.

Goal 6: Combating HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other Diseases.

Goal 7: Ensuring Environmental Sustainability.

MTDF 2005-10 is to Eventually Realize the
Long Term Vision 2030

Developed, industrialized, just and prosperous Pakistan

through rapid and sustainable development in a resource

constrained economy by deploying knowledge inputs.

 MTDF 2005-10: Objectives
 Establishing a just and sustainable economic system
for reducing poverty and achieving Millennium Development Goals
 Organised and disciplined movement towards an efficient, balanced,
internationally competitive, environment friendly, and technologically
driven knowledge economy for rapid and sustainable growth to
become an industrialized nation in 25 years
 Evolving a mature, tolerant, democratic society which is developed
economically, culturally, ethically and imbibed with Islamic values
of moderation and enlightenment, and at peace with itself and with the
rest of the world
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 The MTDF Size Rs Billion

2004-05 2005-06 2009-10 2005-10

Total
1102.6 1257.4 1967.5 7951.9
Investment
Fixed
999.3 1145.6 1815.7 7298.5
Investment
Public 286.2 356.2 712.1 2536.7

(PSDP) (202) (272) (597) (2042)

Private 713.1 789.5 1103.6 4761.8

 Overall PSDP by Objectives
Rs Billion

Objective MTDF % share

Allocation
Upgrading physical 993.2 48.6
infrastructure
Achieving Millennium 681.5 33.4
Development Goals
Balanced Development 270.1 13.2
Accelerating output growth 66.3 3.2
Others 30.9 1.5
Total 2,042.0 100.0
 Employment Generation (2005-10)

Employment
2004-05 Total
Sector 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10
Benchmark (6) – (1)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Agriculture 18.59 18.74 18.90 19.07 19.24 19.42 0.84
Manufacturing 5.92 6.11 6.30 6.51 6.72 6.95 1.03
Electricity & Gas 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.30 0.30 0.01
Construction 2.52 2.62 2.73 2.85 2.98 3.11 0.59
Wholesale &
6.39 6.72 7.09 7.48 7.91 8.36 1.97
Retail Trade
Transport &
2.47 2.55 2.62 2.70 2.79 2.89 0.41
Communication
Finance &
0.46 0.46 0.47 0.48 0.48 0.49 0.03
Insurance
Community and
6.48 6.83 7.21 7.63 8.08 8.57 2.09
Social Services
Total 43.15 44.36 45.66 47.04 48.53 50.12 6.97
 PAKISTAN- Vision 2030

 Developed, industrialized, just and

prosperous Pakistan through rapid and
sustainable development in a resource
constrained economy by deploying
knowledge inputs
 The Global Paradigm for Pakistan
 Only those countries would grow rich and powerful in
the 21st century who:
 Position Themselves for Competitive Advantage
 Generate Knowledge and Innovate for High Growth
 •Use Globalization to Attract Relocation of
Manufacturing , Design , and Services
 •Attract and Retain Foreign Funds including Foreign
Private Investment
 Move Rapidly into Regional and Global Hubs
 FAILURE WILL LEAD TO MARGINALISATION
Critical Challenges and Opportunities
• Dispersion of information and technology
• Climatic change
• Depleting natural resources of water, land,
and usable energy making Pakistan vulnerable
• Urban concentrations and growth of large
cities with completely different dynamics
affecting all spheres of human activities
• Major demographic transitions
 Many Challenges for 2030: Take Just Four
 Energy
 Water and Agriculture
 Demographics
 Urbanization
 Energy for Growth:
 Energy security plan 2030 already approved (MTDF)
 Total primary energy consumption to rise 7 fold
 (55 to 360 MTOE by 2030)
 Power generation : from 19,540 MW to 162,590 MW
 Major shift planned: to coal, nuclear, and renewable
 Pakistan is running out of useable, affordable energy …
more efficient use absolutely vital
 Water and Agriculture
High growth rates in agriculture unrealizable with:
 Present technology, practice and attitude
 Low water storage, high wastage
 Sub-optimal cropping pattern

 Demographics: 218 million in 2030

(over 60 % urban)
 To realize the dividend of demographic transition
investment in HRD is of critical importance:
 Employment opportunities
 Productivity increase
 Urbanization 2030
 Global Urban Dwellers exceeded those in rural areas for
the first time in human history in 2005 … [Shenzhen, a small
town, now has reached a higher population than London in
only 20 years]
 In Pakistan, too, more and more settlements will grow

into their equilibrium size – optimal and functional

hierarchies of settlements.
 Pakistan’s urban population is projected to increase from
the current 55 million to about 130 m by 2030
 … another 70-80 million people in only 25 years!

 Housing? Services? Slums? Unemployment? Social

cohesion?
 The Changing Face of Competition

 Competitive advantage will be achieved through:

– Excellence of public institutions
– Knowledge, information, skill levels and
competence in technology ….. and its assimilation
– Macroeconomic environment restructuring and
reform of the educational system
– Enablers of the knowledge economy
– Legal and regulatory infrastructure for IPR and
resolution of commercial disputes
 Salient Features of Vision 2030
 Fulfill the promise of a gifted nation by using
knowledge and all its manifestations to become
an affluent and progressive society
 Raise quality of life for all citizens and regions

of Pakistan
 Achieve competence in technology

 Evolve a mature democratic and just society

 Be an effective global player, not a target

 …… Achieve all this within one generation

 Pakistan Society 2030
 Development measured by the quality of life
 A prosperous society:

– GDP to rise to USD 700 billion

– High per capita incomes : rising to USD 3,000
 Alleviation of poverty
 Higher indices for health, education and life expectancy
 Social safety nets
 An equitable society:
 Common and shared destiny and vision
 Respect for the rule of law
 Equal opportunities for all
 Protection of every citizen irrespective of ethnicity,

creed, gender or age

 Pakistan Economy 2030
 Availability and quality of physical infrastructure
 Excellence of public institutions

 Internationally competitive, innovative, environment

friendly and technology driven
 Higher levels of investment

 Improvement in productivity through higher skills,

knowledge inputs, better governance structures, improved

quality and encouraging brand names
 Many more regional hubs and centers

 Major reduction in wastage

 Preserving inter-generational equity while exploiting the

natural resources
 25 Years’ Quest for Excellence (Examples)
 Education:
 At least 10 universities would be among the top 200
globally recognized.
Communications
 Would be at the centre of major North-South and
East-West transport corridors.
 Technology Centers
 Known for its competitiveness, innovation, and
productivity
 What should Karachi look like in 2030?
 One of the great cities of the world, noted for its quality of
life.
 A diverse yet socially cohesive population of around

30 million pulsing with commerce and industry with creative

ideas
 Schools and universities eagerly sought for their
educationally stimulating environments, with excellent and
affordable healthcare facilities.
 A regional hub for electronics, pharmaceuticals and
biotechnology, as well as financial services
 A major hub for travel sitting at the southern end of a major
transport corridor
 All major cities and urban centers will define such visions
 Essence of Survival
“Every morning in Africa, a Gazelle wakes up,
it knows it must run faster than the fastest Lion or
it will be killed. Every morning a Lion wakes
up, it knows it must outrun the slowest Gazelle or
it will starve to death. It does not matter whether
you are a Lion or a Gazelle – when the sun comes
up; You’d better be running.”
Your Comments about the
Planning in Pakistan