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Linear Mapping Method Using Affine Transformation

The document discusses linear mapping methods using affine transformations. Affine transformations are linear mappings that preserve points, lines, and planes. They include translations, scales, rotations, and shears. Affine transformations are useful for correcting geometric distortions in images, such as from wide-angle lenses. They allow fusing images into a unified coordinate system without distortions. Matrix representations provide a powerful way to describe composite transformations and store them compactly.

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Ayesha Hussain
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
98 views

Linear Mapping Method Using Affine Transformation

The document discusses linear mapping methods using affine transformations. Affine transformations are linear mappings that preserve points, lines, and planes. They include translations, scales, rotations, and shears. Affine transformations are useful for correcting geometric distortions in images, such as from wide-angle lenses. They allow fusing images into a unified coordinate system without distortions. Matrix representations provide a powerful way to describe composite transformations and store them compactly.

Uploaded by

Ayesha Hussain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Linear mapping method using

affine transformation
Linear mapping method using affine
transformation
• Affine transformation is a linear mapping
method that preserves points, straight lines,
and planes.
• Sets of parallel lines remain parallel after an
affine transformation.
• The affine transformation technique is typically
used to correct for geometric distortions or
deformations that occur with non-ideal camera
angles. 
Linear mapping method using affine
transformation
• For example, satellite imagery uses affine
transformations to correct for wide angle lens
distortion, panorama stitching, and image
registration.
• Transforming and fusing the images to a large,
flat coordinate system is desirable to eliminate
distortion. This enables easier interactions and
calculations that don’t require accounting for
image distortion.
Linear mapping method using affine
transformation
• The following table illustrates the different
affine transformations: translation, scale,
shear, and rotation.
• A transformation basically means
• “doing something to every point of an object”.
• Properties of Affine transformation:
• C
• One could imagine a computer graphics system that requires the user to construct everything
• directly into a single scene.
• But, one can also immediately see that this would be an extremely limiting approach.
• In the real world, things come from various places and are arranged together to create a scene.
Further, many of these things are themselves collections of smaller parts that are assembled
together.
• We may wish to define one object relative to another – for example we may want to place a
hand at the end of an arm.
• Also, it is often the case that parts of an object are similar, like the tires on a car. And, even
• things that are built on scene, like a house for example, are designed elsewhere, at a scale
• that is usually many times smaller than the house as it is built.
• Even more to the point, we will often want to animate the objects in a scene, requiring the ability
to move them around relative to each other.
• For animation we will want to be able to move not only the objects, but also the camera, as we
render a sequence of images as time advances to create an illusion of motion. We need good
mechanisms within a computer graphics system to provide the flexibility implied by all of the
issues raised above.
• The figure below shows an example of what we mean. On the left,
a cylinder has been built
• in a convenient place, and to a convenient size. Because of the
requirements of a scene,
• it is first scaled to be longer and thinner than its original design,
rotated to a desired
• orientation in space, and then moved to a desired position (i.e.
translated). The set of
• operations providing for all such transformations, are known as the
affine transforms. The
• affines include translations and all linear transformations, like scale,
rotate, and shear.
AFFINE TRANSFORMATIONS
• Let us first examine the affine transforms in 2D
space, where it is easy to illustrate them
• with diagrams, then later we will look at the
affines in 3D.
• Consider a point x = (x; y). Affine
transformations of x are all transforms that
can be written
• where a through f are scalars.
• For example, if a; e = 1, and b; d = 0, then we
have a pure x´translation.

• If b; d = 0 and c; f = 0 then we have a pure


scale.
• In summary, we have the four basic affine transformations
shown in the figure below:
• • Translate moves a set of points a fixed distance in x and y,
• • Scale scales a set of points up or down in the x and y
directions,
• • Rotate rotates a set of points about the origin,
• • Shear offsets a set of points a distance proportional to
their x and y coordinates.
• Note that only shear and scale change the shape
determined by a set of points.
LINEAR TRANSFORMATIONS
• MATRIX REPRESENTATION OF THE LINEAR
TRANSFORMATIONS
• The affine transforms scale, rotate and shear
are actually linear transforms and can be
• represented by a matrix multiplication of a
point represented as a vector,
• or x’ = Mx, where M is the matrix.
• One very nice feature of the matrix
representation is that we can use it to factor a
complex transform into a set of simpler
transforms.
• For example, suppose we want to scale an
object up to a new size, shear the object to a
new shape, and finally rotate the object.
• Let S be the scale matrix, H be the shear matrix
and R be the rotation matrix. Then
• defines a sequence of three transforms:
1stscale, 2ndshear, 3rdrotate.
• Because matrix multiplication is associative,
we can remove the parentheses and multiply
the three matrices together, giving a new
matrix M = RHS. Now we can rewrite our
transform
• If we have to transform thousands of points on a
complex model, it is clearly easier to
• do one matrix multiplication, rather than three,
each time we want to transform a point.
• Thus, matrices are a very powerful way to
encapsulate a complex transform and to store
• it in a compact and convenient form.
• In matrix form, we can catalog the linear
transforms as
• where sx and sy scale the x and y coordinates
of a point, is an angle of counterclockwise
• rotation around the origin, hx is a horizontal
shear factor, and hy is a vertical shear factor.

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