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    Digestive System

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    RETLAW
    The digestive system breaks food down into smaller molecules that can be absorbed and used by the body. It involves five main phases: ingestion, movement, mechanical and chemical digestion, absorption, and elimination. Mechanical digestion involves physical breakdown by chewing, tearing, and grinding. Chemical digestion uses enzymes to break down carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. The main organs include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. The small intestine further breaks down food and absorbs nutrients through villi and microvilli.

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    Digestive System

    Uploaded by

    RETLAW
    21 views25 pages
    The digestive system breaks food down into smaller molecules that can be absorbed and used by the body. It involves five main phases: ingestion, movement, mechanical and chemical digestion, absorption, and elimination. Mechanical digestion involves physical breakdown by chewing, tearing, and grinding. Chemical digestion uses enzymes to break down carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. The main organs include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. The small intestine further breaks down food and absorbs nutrients through villi and microvilli.

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    The digestive system breaks food down into smaller molecules that can be absorbed and used by the body. It involves five main phases: ingestion, movement, mechanical and chemical digestion, absorption, and elimination. Mechanical digestion involves physical breakdown by chewing, tearing, and grinding. Chemical digestion uses enzymes to break down carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. The main organs include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. The small intestine further breaks down food and absorbs nutrients through villi and microvilli.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    21 views25 pages

    Digestive System

    Uploaded by

    RETLAW
    The digestive system breaks food down into smaller molecules that can be absorbed and used by the body. It involves five main phases: ingestion, movement, mechanical and chemical digestion, absorption, and elimination. Mechanical digestion involves physical breakdown by chewing, tearing, and grinding. Chemical digestion uses enzymes to break down carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. The main organs include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. The small intestine further breaks down food and absorbs nutrients through villi and microvilli.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 25

    The Digestive

    System
    Digestion
     Phases Include:
    1. Ingestion
    2. Movement
    3. Mechanical and Chemical Digestion
    4. Absorption
    5. Elimination
    Digestion
     Types
     Mechanical (physical)
    Chew
    Tear
    Grind
    Mash
    Mix
     Chemical
     Enzymatic reactions to improve digestion of
    Carbohydrates
    Proteins
    Lipids
    Digestive System Organization
     Gastrointestinal (Gl) tract
     Tube within a tube
     Direct link/path between organs
     Structures
     Mouth
     Pharynx
     Esophagus
     Stomach
     Small intestine
     Large Intestine
     Rectum

    4
    Mouth
     Teeth mechanically  Epiglottis is a flap-like
    break down food into structure at the back of
    small pieces. Tongue the throat that closes
    mixes food with saliva over the trachea
    (contains amylase, preventing food from
    which helps break down entering it. It is located
    starch). in the Pharynx.
    Esophagus
     Approximately 20 cm long.
     Functions include:
    1. Secrete mucus
    2. Moves food from the throat to
    the stomach using muscle
    movement called peristalsis
     If acid from the stomach gets in
    here that’s heartburn
    Stomach
    • J-shaped muscular bag that stores the food you
    eat, breaks it down into tiny pieces.
    • Mixes food with Digestive Juices that contain
    enzymes to break down Proteins and Lipids.
    Lipids
    • Acid (HCl) in the stomach Kills Bacteria.
    • Food found in the stomach is called Chyme.
    Small Intestine
    8

     Small intestines are roughly 7 meters long


     Lining of intestine walls has finger-like
    projections called villi, to increase surface
    area.
     The villi are covered in microvilli which
    further increases surface area for
    absorption.
    Villi
    Villi
    Villi
    Small Intestine 12

     Nutrients from the food pass into the


    bloodstream through the small
    intestine walls.

     Absorbs:
     80% ingested water
     Vitamins
     Minerals
     Carbohydrates
     Proteins
     Lipids

    • Secretes digestive enzymes


    Large Intestine
     About 1.5 meters long
     Accepts what small intestines don’t
    absorb
     Rectum (short term storage which
    holds feces before it is expelled).
    Large Intestine
     Functions
     Bacterial digestion
    Ferment carbohydrates

    – Absorbs more water


    – Concentrate wastes
    Accessory Organs The Glands
     Not part of the path of food, but play a
    critical role.

     Includes: Liver, gall bladder, and pancreas


    Accessory Organs The Glands
    Liver
    17

     Directly affects digestion by producing


    bile
     Bile helps digest fat
    • filters out toxins and waste including
    drugs and alcohol and poisons
    Gall Bladder

     Stores Bile from the


    liver, releases it into the
    small intestine.
     Fatty diets can cause
    gallstones
    Pancreas

     Produces digestive
    enzymes to digest Fats,
    Carbohydrates and
    Proteins
     Regulates blood sugar
    by producing Insulin
    What I have learned today?
    On a sheet of paper, write the name of
    each colored organ:
     Green:
     Red:
     Pink:
     Brown:
     Purple:
     Green:
     Yellow:
    How’d you do?

     Green: Esophagus
     Red: Stomach
     Pink: Small Intestine
     Brown: Large Intestine
     Purple: Liver
     Green: Gall Bladder
     Yellow: Pancreas
    End of Discussion

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