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Identifying the Problem and
Asking the Question

Background of the Problem
After you have carefully written your previous activities and perhaps ran it
through your associates through a many of times. While there are many
elements for your readers is the background of the study. The background
of your study will provide context to the information discussed throughout
the research process. The background information of your study may
include both important and relevant studies. Furthermore, the background
of the study will deliberate your statement of the problem, rationale, and
research questions. It links the introduction to your research study and
guarantees a logical flow of ideas. Thus, it helps readers understand and
comprehend your reasons and explanations for conducting the study.
Background of the Problem
Problem statements or background of the study have
three elements:
➢ The problem itself, stated clearly and with enough
contextual detail to establish why it is important;
➢ The method of solving the problem, often stated as a
claim or a working thesis;
➢ The purpose, statement of objectives and scope of
document the writer is preparing.
Conceptual Framework
is an analytical tool with several variations
and contexts that can be applied in different
categories of work where an overall picture is
• .
needed to come up with the desired goal. It is

necessary to make conceptual and theoretical
distinctions and organize ideas.
Strong and resilient conceptual frameworks capture
and apprehend something real and do this in a way
that is easy to remember and apply. The theoretical
and conceptual frameworks provide evidence of
academic standards and procedures that validates the
authenticity of the study. They also proposed an
• .
explanation and clarification of why the study is

relevant and how the researcher expects to fill the gap
in the literature.
How to create a Conceptual Framework
As written by Maria Magner, A conceptual framework
is a bit like a recipe or a blueprint. It provides an
outline of how you plan to conduct the research of
your thesis, but it goes further than that by also
positioning your work within the larger field of
research.
➢ Conduct a Literature Review
Before you can have your research, you need to understand and comprehend
what research has already been conducted on your topic of interest and
curiosity. Conducting a literature review can help you to refine your central
argument or hypothesis. You must also conduct and gather the literature
review to be able to place and organize your work within the larger and
greater area of study in your conceptual framework. Your framework should
present the relevant research and show how your work will help to advance
the field.
➢ Create a Flow Chart
Conceptual frameworks are frequently visual and allow
those reading the framework to understand the course
of your research. You can present this in whatever way
makes the most sense for your work, which can include
a flow chart, mind gap or diagram. In every component
of your research, you should showcase the variables
that influence it.
➢ Write a Narrative
Conceptual frameworks don’t have to include a diagram or
graphic. You can always present the same information and
evidence by writing a narrative. Your narrative should recap the
variables influencing your research and explore how they may
change the hypothesis. The narrative should also explain and
enlighten the basic methodology for your research. If you include
a diagram in your conceptual framework, a narrative should also
be included explaining these details for those who prefer more
in-depth information. Bolded headers to separate the sections of
your narrative and to create a visual order of information.
➢ Return and Revise
As you begin your research, you may discover that certain elements
of your conceptual framework are no longer needed. You will
discover new variables, or you may identify that your hypothesis is
incorrect. You may discover additional research that challenges
your theory and ideas. You should return to your framework and
revise it if necessary.
Research Hypothesis
Research Hypothesis is vital to all research endeavors,
whether qualitative or quantitative, exploratory or
explanatory. In developing a testable research hypothesis, it
takes skill, however, along with careful attention to how the
proposed research method treats the development and
testing of hypotheses. The hypothesis in your study, you are
predicting the relationship between two variables.
Following are some hints for the formulation of your hypothesis.
➢ Be certain to read on the subject matter to explain with it before
making a final decision ➢ As noted, a research hypothesis is more
than just a topic. It has two elements (variables) that are in relation
to each other. Your hypothesis is what you propose to “prove” by
your research. As an outcome of your research, you will arrive at a
conclusion, a theory, or understanding that will be useful or
applicable beyond the research itself.
➢ Avoid judgmental and critical words in your hypothesis.
➢ Your hypothesis must involve an issue or question that cannot be
answered exclusively by the discipline of law
➢ Be certain that each term if your hypothesis is
clearly understood and defined, do not deal in
generalities or assume that the reader knows the
meaning of the technical term.
➢ Specify, if appropriate, whether you will be dealing
with state or federal law or both on a comparative
basis if appropriate.
➢ Know that your hypothesis may change over time as
your research progresses.
You must obtain the teacher’s approval of your
hypothesis, as well as any modifications to your
hypothesis, before proceeding with any work on the
topic.
You will be expressing your hypothesis in 3 ways:
➢ As a one-sentence hypothesis.
➢ As a research question.
➢ As a title for your paper.
Your hypothesis will be part of your research proposal.
Hypothesis:
Null Hypothesis:
1. There is no significant relationship between
respondents’ profile in the academic achievement.

Presentation of Written Statement of the Problem
Research studies generally include the succeeding interconnected portions.
Purpose of the Statement of the Problem:
Marshall and Rossman (1995)
1. To describe the substantive focus of the research study
2. To frame it as
a. A larger theoretical policy
b. A practical problem and thereby, develop its significance
3. To pose initial research questions
4. To forecast the literature to be discussed in the second section and
5. To discuss the limitations of the study.
Introduction
Taking selfies or a video of oneself has become a social
phenomenon that has been brought about by the use of
modern gadgets, particularly the mobile phoneadolescents
take pictures or videos of themselves, their possessions, their
latest happenings or gigs, their friends, their food-anything,
anyone they take a fancy on, anywhere, anytime. A good
number of people say that this social phenomenon has
evolved into narcissism. There is, to date, a dearth of research
on this topic.
Statement of the Problem
Major Problem: This study aims to investigate the root causes of narcissism, as well as its
manifestations and possible forms of intervention.
Specific Problems: Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:
➢ What are the underlying causes of narcissism?
➢ How has technology contributed to narcissistic behavior?
➢ What are the manifestations of narcissistic behavior in adolescents?
➢ What forms of intervention can be done to address this behavior of adolescents?
➢ How can the following help in developing healthy self-esteem, positive outlooks and
attitudes in adolescents?
a. Parents
b. Curriculum Planners
c. Administrators
d. Teachers
e. Guidance Counsellors
f. Peers
Significance of the study
The valuable output of the study is beneficial to the following:
To the teachers, this study would provide information about code switching and
its effectiveness in understanding a lesson in which they incorporate in their subject
matter the importance of dealing with students who have issues in using code
switching and its effectiveness on their understanding a lesson.
To the students, the data and information of this study would enrich and
enhance the knowledge of students on how they will use and understand code
switching.
To the researcher, the data and unfounded from this study can be used as
reference and data baseline continuous research studies on this topic.

Scope and Limitations of the Study
The scope and delimitation of the study set borders and limitations of the problem inquiry
and narrow down the scope of the inquiry.
Examples of Delimitation of Research
This study focused mainly on the relationship between Code Switching and its effectiveness in
Understanding a Lesson of BSED First (1st) year to Fourth (4th) year students, academic year 2020-
2021.
Types and Functions
➢ Conceptual Definition
Refers to the dictionary meaning.
➢ Operational Definition
The meaning of the concept or terms as
used in a particular study.
Conceptual Definition Operational Definition
Academic Performance CCT or Conditional Cash Transfer

It is the product of education- the this is a program that transfer a cash
degree to which a student, a teacher largely to deprived families, on the
or organization has attained their circumstances that those family that
educational goals. It is dignified by make prespecified funds in the
the final grade earned in the course. Human assets of their kids.

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Identifying the Problem and

Asking the Question

needed to come up with the desired goal. It is

explanation and clarification of why the study is

1. There is no significant relationship between

respondents’ profile in the academic achievement.

The valuable output of the study is beneficial to the following:

its effectiveness in understanding a lesson in which they incorporate in their subject

switching and its effectiveness on their understanding a lesson.

reference and data baseline continuous research studies on this topic.

and narrow down the scope of the inquiry.

Examples of Delimitation of Research

Academic Performance CCT or Conditional Cash Transfer

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