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    3.balantidium Coli

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    Boateng Derrick
    Balantidium coli is a protozoan parasite that is the largest known pathogenic ciliate. It infects humans and pigs, causing the disease balantidiasis. B. coli exists in trophozoite and cyst forms, with trophozoites found in acute infections and cysts found in asymptomatic/chronic cases. Infection occurs through ingestion of cysts from contaminated hands, food, water. It typically infects the large intestine, where trophozoites can invade tissues and cause inflammation, ulcers and diarrhea. Diagnosis involves examining fresh stool samples microscopically for trophozoites or cysts. Tetracycline treatment for 10 days is usually effective. Prevention relies on good hygiene

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    3.balantidium Coli

    Uploaded by

    Boateng Derrick
    343 views20 pages
    Balantidium coli is a protozoan parasite that is the largest known pathogenic ciliate. It infects humans and pigs, causing the disease balantidiasis. B. coli exists in trophozoite and cyst forms, with trophozoites found in acute infections and cysts found in asymptomatic/chronic cases. Infection occurs through ingestion of cysts from contaminated hands, food, water. It typically infects the large intestine, where trophozoites can invade tissues and cause inflammation, ulcers and diarrhea. Diagnosis involves examining fresh stool samples microscopically for trophozoites or cysts. Tetracycline treatment for 10 days is usually effective. Prevention relies on good hygiene

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    Balantidium coli is a protozoan parasite that is the largest known pathogenic ciliate. It infects humans and pigs, causing the disease balantidiasis. B. coli exists in trophozoite and cyst forms, with trophozoites found in acute infections and cysts found in asymptomatic/chronic cases. Infection occurs through ingestion of cysts from contaminated hands, food, water. It typically infects the large intestine, where trophozoites can invade tissues and cause inflammation, ulcers and diarrhea. Diagnosis involves examining fresh stool samples microscopically for trophozoites or cysts. Tetracycline treatment for 10 days is usually effective. Prevention relies on good hygiene

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    343 views20 pages

    3.balantidium Coli

    Uploaded by

    Boateng Derrick
    Balantidium coli is a protozoan parasite that is the largest known pathogenic ciliate. It infects humans and pigs, causing the disease balantidiasis. B. coli exists in trophozoite and cyst forms, with trophozoites found in acute infections and cysts found in asymptomatic/chronic cases. Infection occurs through ingestion of cysts from contaminated hands, food, water. It typically infects the large intestine, where trophozoites can invade tissues and cause inflammation, ulcers and diarrhea. Diagnosis involves examining fresh stool samples microscopically for trophozoites or cysts. Tetracycline treatment for 10 days is usually effective. Prevention relies on good hygiene

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    BALANTIDIUM COLI

    Phylum: Protozoa
    Sub-phylum: Ciliophora (ciliates)
    Infectious agent: Balantidium coli
    Disease: Balantidiasis
    INTRODUCTION:
     Balantidium coli is a ciliate that is
    common among pigs.
     It is the largest protozoan parasite,
    which parasitizes man and the only
    known pathogenic ciliate.
     Could be found in monkeys in the
    tropics
     Has a worldwide distribution, can
    cause life-threatening colitis, could be
    associated with antibiotics admin.
     Human infections are found among
    institutionalized groups with low levels
    of personal hygiene and the infection is
    normally sporadic.
     They are usually found in the large
    intestines (Colon).
    MORPHOLOGY:

    B. coli exists in 2 forms

     a) Trophozoite (found in stools of


    persons with acute infections)

     b)Cyst (found in stools of


    asymptomatic/chronic infections)
    Trophozoites of B. coli
    Drawing of trophozoite and cyst of
    Balantidium coli
    Trophozoite of B. coli
     Is the vegetative form

     Is oval in shape and usually


    macroscopic
     Has rapid revolving motility (spiral
    motility)
     Have 2 nuclei (somatic/germinal) and
    the macro-nucleus is bean /kidney
    shaped.
    Cyst of B. coli
     Is the infective stage
     Is round in shape, refractile

     Has a smooth thick wall

     Presence of macro and micro nuclei


    when stained
     Can remain viable in stools for 1-2
    days or for several weeks under
    favourable conditions.
    Transmission

    B. coli is transmitted by the ingestion


    of viable cysts from
     contaminated hands
     Food and drinks (water), which
    have the infective cysts.
    Life cycle of B. coli
    Clinical Features / Pathogenesis:

    Clinical presentation occurs in three


    forms:
     Asymptomatic carrier state (account
    for 80% of infection) commonly seen
    in institutions.
     Acute colitis or acute fulminant colitis

     Chronic infection.
    Pathogenesis:
     In acute infections, symptoms usually
    include severe diarrhoea or dysentery
    (similar to that in the case of
    amoebiasis), tenesmus, nausea,
    vomiting, anorexia, and headaches.

     Other symptoms are insomnia,


    muscular weakness and also loss of
    weight has been reported.
     Trophozoites invade the distal
    portion of the ilium and colonic
    mucosal, submucosa and the
    muscular layer.

     Invasion leads to intense


    mucosal
    inflammation and ulcerations due to
    cellular infiltrations.
     B. coli formsabscesses that are
    filled with mucoid material
     Abscesses may extend to the
    mucosal layer as seen in the case of
    Amoebiasis
     The ulcers areround, ovoid or
    irregular in shape, usually infected
    with bacteria leading to diarrhoea
    (severe) and dysentery.
     Mechanisms of invasion are not well
    known but the involvement of enzymes
    eg. Hyaluronidase is suspected.
     The diarrhea caused is similar to that
    seen in cholera
     There are a few cases of extra-
    intestinal disease associated with B.coli
    Diagnosis:
     Stool RE (wet mounts) of fresh stools.
     Trophozoite can be found in dysenteric /
    diarrhoeic stools
     Cysts can be found in semi-formed
    stools.
     In good preparations one could see the
    macro and micronuclei in the cyst.
     Serological tests could also be used
    Treatment:
     The drug of choice is
    Tetracycline
    500mg X 4x daily for 10 days.
     The parasite is also sensitive to
    bacitracin, ampicillin,
    metronidazole and paromomycin.
     In fulminant (sudden) diseases or
    infection surgery may be required.
    Prevention
     Good personal hygiene

     Good sanitation measures

     Good supply of potable water etc.


    THANK YOU

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