Bio1 BSN1 MUSCULAR SYSTEM

BIO1 – Human Anatomy & Physiology
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
Prepared by:
JESSIE T. ORAÑO, RN, RM, MN, MAN, MMHA

ARIES M. BADONADO, PhD, RN, RM, LPT
Learning Objectives
After 1.5 hours of lecture-discussion, the

students will be able to:
1.Discuss the basic anatomy and function
of muscle.
2.Identify common muscular problems.
3.Demonstrate mastery of muscles used in
parenteral drug administration.
Muscles are responsible for all
types of body movement – they
contract or shorten and are the
machine of the body
Head and Neck Muscles
Figure 6.14
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 6.38
Trunk Muscles
Figure 6.15
Deep Trunk and Arm Muscles
Figure 6.16
Muscles of the Pelvis, Hip, and Thigh
Figure 6.18c
Superficial Muscles: Anterior
Figure 6.20
The Muscular System
1
2 8
3
1) Frontalis 4 8) Biceps
5
9
2) Temporalis 10 9) Triceps
3) Trapezius 11 10) External oblique
4) Deltoid 11) Rectus abdominus
5) Pectoralis major
12) Quadriceps muscles
6
6) Sartorius 12 13) Gastrocnemius
7) Tibialis anterior 7 13
FUNCTION OF MUSCLES
 Produce movement
 Maintain posture
 Stabilize joints
 Generate heat
MUSCLES AND BODY MOVEMENTS
 Movement is
attained due to a
muscle moving
an attached bone
Figure 6.12
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide

MUSCLES AND BODY MOVEMENTS
 Muscles are
attached to at
least two points
 Origin –
attachment to a
immoveable bone
 Insertion –
attachment to an
movable bone
Slide
How Muscles Work
• All muscles do work by
contracting, or becoming
shorter and thicker. Biceps contracted
• Many skeletal muscles

work in pairs.
• One muscle in the pair Triceps relaxed
contracts to move the Biceps relaxed
bone in one direction.

• Then, the other muscle
in the pair contracts to Triceps contracted
move the bone back.
Tendons
• A thick strand of
tissue called a
tendon attaches a
muscle to a bone.
TYPES OF MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS
 Isotonic contractions
 Myofilaments are able to slide past each
other during contractions
 The muscle shortens
 Isometric contractions
 Tension in the muscles increases
 The muscle is unable to shorten
MUSCLE TONE
 Some fibers are contracted even in a

relaxed muscle
 Different fibers contract at different
times to provide muscle tone
 The process of stimulating various fibers
is under involuntary control
EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ON MUSCLE
 Results of increased muscle use

 Increase in muscle size
 Increase in muscle strength
 Increase in muscle efficiency
 Muscle becomes more fatigue resistant
Voluntary vs Involuntary
Muscles
• Voluntary muscle is a muscle

that a person can control.
• Involuntary muscle is a muscle
that functions without a
person’s control.
THREE BASIC MUSCLE TYPES IN
THE BODY
Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
NAMING OF SKELETAL MUSCLES
 Direction of muscle fibers

 Example: rectus (straight)
 Relative size of the muscle
 Example: maximus (largest)

 Location of the muscle

Example: many muscles are
named for bones (e.g.,
temporalis)
 Number of origins
Example: triceps (three heads)
 Location of the muscles origin and

insertion
 Example: sterno (on the sternum)
 Shape of the muscle
 Example: deltoid (triangular)
 Action of the muscle
 Example: flexor and extensor (flexes or
extends a bone)
SMOOTH MUSCLE CHARACTERISTICS
 Has no striations
 Spindle-shaped
cells
 Single nucleus
 Involuntary – no
conscious control
 Found mainly in
the walls of
hollow organs
 Slow, sustained
and tireless Figure 6.2a
CARDIAC MUSCLE CHARACTERISTICS
 Has striations
 Usually has a
single nucleus
 Joined to another
muscle cell at an
intercalated disc
 Involuntary
 Found only in the
heart
Figure 6.2b
 Steady pace!
Muscle Injuries
• Strains - A muscle strain, or a pulled muscle, is
a painful injury that may happen when muscles
are overworked or stretched too much or too
quickly.
• Tendonitis - Overuse of tendons may lead to
painful swelling and irritation called tendonitis.
• Prevent injuries
• regular strengthening and stretching exercises
• vary your exercise routine
• warm up and cool down
• stop exercising if you feel a sharp or sudden pain
Preventing Muscle Cramps
• A muscle cramp is a strong, uncontrolled
muscle contraction.
• To relieve a cramp, try massaging the
affected area and exercising the limb
gently.
• Stretching and drinking plenty of water

before and during exercise can help you
avoid muscle cramps.
END

Bio1 BSN1 MUSCULAR SYSTEM

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BIO1 – Human Anatomy & Physiology

JESSIE T. ORAÑO, RN, RM, MN, MAN, MMHA

After 1.5 hours of lecture-discussion, the

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide

• Many skeletal muscles

contracts to move the Biceps relaxed

bone in one direction.

 Some fibers are contracted even in a

 Results of increased muscle use

• Voluntary muscle is a muscle

 Direction of muscle fibers

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide

 Location of the muscle

 Location of the muscles origin and

• Stretching and drinking plenty of water

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