List in Python

List Creation
 List in Python
• In python, a list can be defined as a collection of values or
items.
• The items in the list are separated with the comma (,) and
enclosed with the square brackets [ ].
Syntax:
list-var = [ value1, value2, value3,…. ]
Example: “listdemo.py”
L1 = [] Output:
L2 = [123,"python", 3.7] python listdemo.py
L3 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] []
L4 = ["C","Java","Python"] [123, 'python', 3.7]
print(L1) [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
print(L2) ['C','Java','Python']
print(L3)
print(L4)
List Indexing
 List Indexing in Python
• Like string sequence, the indexing of the python lists starts from
0, i.e. the first element of the list is stored at the 0th index, the
second element of the list is stored at the 1st index, and so on.
• The elements of the list can be accessed by using the slice
operator [].
Example:
mylist=[‘banana’,’apple’,’mango’,’tomato’,’berry’]

• mylist[0]=”banana” mylist[1:3]=[”apple”,”mango”]
• mylist[2]=”mango”
 List Indexing in Python cont…

• Unlike other languages, python provides us the flexibility to use

the negative indexing also. The negative indices are counted
from the right.
• The last element (right most) of the list has the index -1, its
adjacent left element is present at the index -2 and so on until
the left most element is encountered.
Example: mylist=[‘banana’,’apple’,’mango’,’tomato’,’berry’]

• mylist[-1]=”berry” mylist[-4:-2]=[“apple”,mango”]
• mylist[-3]=”mango”
List Operators
 List Operators in Python
It is known as concatenation operator used to concatenate two
+ lists.
It is known as repetition operator. It concatenates the multiple
* copies of the same list.
It is known as slice operator. It is used to access the list item
[] from list.

It is known as range slice operator. It is used to access the range

[:] of list items from list.

It is known as membership operator. It returns if a particular

in item is present in the specified list.

It is also a membership operator and It returns true if a

not in particular list item is not present in the list.
 List Operators in Python cont…

Example: “listopdemo.py”
num=[1,2,3,4,5]
lang=['python','c','java','php']
print(num + lang) #concatenates two lists
print(num * 2) #concatenates same list 2 times
print(lang[2]) # prints 2nd index value
print(lang[1:4]) #prints values from 1st to 3rd index.
print('cpp' in lang) # prints False
print(6 not in num) # prints True

Output: python listopdemo.py

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 'python', 'c', 'java', 'php']
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
java
['c', 'java', 'php']
False
True
 How to update or change elements to a list?
• Python allows us to modify the list items by using the slice and
assignment operator.
• We can use assignment operator ( = ) to change an item or a
range of items.
Example: “listopdemo1.py”

num=[1,2,3,4,5] Output:
print(num) python listopdemo1.py
num[2]=30 [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
print(num) [1, 2, 30, 4, 5]
num[1:3]=[25,36] [1, 25, 36, 4, 5]
print(num) [1, 25, 36, 4, 'Python']
num[4]="Python"
print(num)
How to delete or remove elements from a list?
• Python allows us to delete one or more items in a list by using
the del keyword.

Example: “listopdemo2.py”

num = [1,2,3,4,5]
print(num)
del num[1]
print(num)
del num[1:3]
print(num)
Output:
python listopdemo2.py
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
[1, 3, 4, 5]
[1, 5]
 Iterating a List
• A list can be iterated by using a for - in loop. A simple list
containing four strings can be iterated as follows..
Example: “listopdemo3.py”

lang=['python','c','java','php‘]
print("The list items are \n")
for i in lang:
print(i)
Output:
python listopdemo3.py
The list items are
python
c
java
php
List Functions & Methods
 List Functions & Methods in Python
• Python provides various in-built functions and methods which
can be used with list. Those are
• len() • sorted() • count()
• max() • append() • index()
• min() • remove() • insert()
• sum() • sort() • pop()
• list() • reverse() • clear()
☞ len(): 
• In Python, len() function is used to find the length of list,i.e it
returns the number of items in the list..
Syntax: len(list)
Example: listlendemo.py Output:
num=[1,2,3,4,5,6] python listlendemo.py
print("length of list :",len(num)) length of list : 6
 List Functions & Methods in Python Cont..

☞ max ():
• In Python, max() function is used to find maximum value in the list.
Syntax: max(list)
Example: listmaxdemo.py
list1=[1,2,3,4,5,6]
list2=['java','c','python','cpp']
print("Max of list1 :",max(list1))
print("Max of list2 :",max(list2))
Output:
python listmaxdemo.py
Max of list1 : 6
Max of list2 : python
 List Functions & Methods in Python Cont..

☞ min ():
• In Python, min() function is used to find minimum value in the list.
Syntax: min(list)

Example: listmindemo.py
list1=[1,2,3,4,5,6]
list2=['java','c','python','cpp']
print("Min of list1 :",min(list1))
print("Min of list2 :",min(list2))
Output:
python listmindemo.py
Min of list1 : 1
Min of list2 : c
 List Functions & Methods in Python Cont..

☞ sum ():
• In python, sum() function returns sum of all values in the list. List
values must in number type.
Syntax: sum(list)

Example: listsumdemo.py
list1=[1,2,3,4,5,6]
print("Sum of list items :",sum(list1))

Output:
python listsumdemo.py
Sum of list items : 21
 List Functions & Methods in Python Cont..

☞ list ():
• In python, list() is used to convert given sequence (string or tuple)
into list.
Syntax: list(sequence)

Example: listdemo.py
str="python"
list1=list(str)
print(list1)

Output:
python listdemo.py
['p', 'y', 't', 'h', 'o', 'n']
 List Functions & Methods in Python Cont..

☞ sorted ():
• In python, sorted() function is used to sort all items of list in an
ascending order.
Syntax: sorted(list)
Example: sorteddemo.py
num=[1,3,2,4,6,5]
lang=['java','c','python','cpp']
print(sorted(num))
print(sorted(lang))
Output:
python sorteddemo.py
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
['c', 'cpp', 'java', 'python']
 List Functions & Methods in Python Cont..

☞ append ():
• In python, append() method adds an item to the end of the list.
Syntax: list.append(item)
where item may be number, string, list and etc.
Example: appenddemo.py
num=[1,2,3,4,5]
lang=['python','java']
num.append(6) Output:
print(num) python appenddemo.py
lang.append("cpp") [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
print(lang) ['python', 'java', 'cpp']
 List Functions & Methods in Python Cont..

☞ remove ():
• In python, remove() method removes item from the list. It removes
first occurrence of item if list contains duplicate items. It throws an
error if the item is not present in the list.
Syntax: list.remove(item)
Example: removedemo.py
list1=[1,2,3,4,5]
list2=['A','B','C','B','D'] Output:
list1.remove(2)
python removedemo.py
print(list1)
list2.remove("B") [1, 3, 4, 5]
print(list2)
['A', 'C', 'B', 'D']
list2.remove("E")
print(list2) ValueError: x not in list
 List Functions & Methods in Python Cont..

☞ sort ():
• In python, sort() method sorts the list elements into descending or
ascending order. By default, list sorts the elements into ascending
order. It takes an optional parameter 'reverse' which sorts the list
into descending order.
Syntax: list.sort([reverse=true])
Example: sortdemo.py
list1=[6,8,2,4,10]
Output:
list1.sort()
print("\n After Sorting:\n") python sortdemo.py
print(list1) After Sorting:
print("Descending Order:\n") [2, 4, 6, 8 , 10]
list1.sort(reverse=True) Descending Order:
print(list1) [10, 8, 6, 4 , 2]
 List Functions & Methods in Python Cont..

☞ reverse ():
• In python, reverse() method reverses elements of the list. i.e. the
last index value of the list will be present at 0th index.
Syntax: list.reverse()
Example: reversedemo.py
list1=[6,8,2,4,10]
list1.reverse()
print("\n After reverse:\n")
print(list1)
Output:
python reversedemo.py
After reverse:
[10, 4, 2, 8 , 6]
 List Functions & Methods in Python Cont..

☞ count():
• In python, count() method returns the number of times an element
appears in the list. If the element is not present in the list, it
returns 0.
Syntax: list.count(item)

Example: countdemo.py
num=[1,2,3,4,3,2,2,1,4,5,8]
cnt=num.count(2)
print("Count of 2 is:",cnt)
cnt=num.count(10)
print("Count of 10 is:",cnt) Output:
python countdemo.py
Count of 2 is: 3
Count of 10 is: 0
 List Functions & Methods in Python Cont..

☞ index():
• In python, index () method returns index of the passed element. If
the element is not present, it raises a ValueError.
• If list contains duplicate elements, it returns index of first
occurred element.
• This method takes two more optional parameters start and end
which are used to search index within a limit.
Syntax: list. index(item [, start[, end]])
Example: indexdemo.py Output:
list1=['p','y','t','o','n','p'] python indexdemo.py
print(list1.index('t')) 2
Print(list1.index('p')) 0
Print(list1.index('p',3,10)) 5
Print(list1.index('z')) ) Value Error
 List Functions & Methods in Python Cont..

☞ insert():
• In python, insert() method inserts the element at the specified
index in the list. The first argument is the index of the element
before which to insert the element.
Syntax: list.insert(index,item)

Example: insertdemo.py
num=[10,20,30,40,50]
num.insert(4,60)
print(num)
num.insert(7,70) Output:
print(num)
python insertdemo.py
[10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 50]
[10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 50, 70]
 List Functions & Methods in Python Cont..

☞ pop():
• In python, pop() element removes an element present at specified
index from the list.

Syntax: list.pop(index)
Example: popdemo.py
num=[10,20,30,40,50]
num.pop()
print(num)
num.pop(2)
Output:
print(num)
num.pop(7) python popdemo.py
print(num) [10, 20, 30, 40]
[10, 20, 40]
IndexError: Out of range
 List Functions & Methods in Python Cont..

☞ clear():
• In python, clear() method removes all the elements from the list.
It clears the list completely and returns nothing.

Syntax: list.clear()
Example: cleardemo.py
num=[10,20,30,40,50]
num.clear()
print(num)
Output:
python cleardemo.py
[]