LA CARLOTA CITY COLLEGE- GRADUATE SCHOOL

BRIEF
HISTORY
OF
INTERNET
REPORTER: ANN MARIE P. MARQUEZ
 Take a step back and imagine a world with no Internet. No social
media, no websites, no e-commerce, or online chat. The world would be
a little more dull for most of us. As hard as it may be to imagine,
people did exist prior to the existence of the Internet. Its presence
however revolutionized the globe and rapidly created immense
opportunities.
The internet has become a vital part of the modern world, inseparable
from daily life and routines. It wasn’t always this way though; 
the history of the internet started somewhere. From simple computer
networks to global interconnectivity and instantaneous wireless
communications, the rapid and dramatic evolution of the internet can
help with understanding the changing nature of technology and
communications.

 Who invented the  What was the very first When was the Internet
internet? message transmitted over launched? 
the network? 
These are just some of the more common questions that come to mind once
you start falling deeper down this rabbit hole.
 WHAT IS INTERNET

“A Network of Networks”

The simplest way of explaining the Internet

is to call it "the network of networks." EXAMPLE
It's the connection of computer networks  If you are on campus you connect to the Internet
around the world into one entity, so to through your school's network, which is connected
speak. It's not one big computer, but to the larger Internet network through Peachnet,
rather numerous networked computers which is the electronic highway for all educational
connected together. institutions and libraries throughout the state of
Georgia. The "backbone" of all these connections is
what you might hear referred to as the "information
superhighway."
 LET’S TEST YOUR PRIOR KNOWLEDGE!!

Take a Guess!
1.He is considered one of the ROBERT KAHN MIKE ZUCKERBERG
fathers of internet
2.When was Google created? 1995 1998

3.What was the first message sent

from computer to the other? HI LO

4.What is the meaning of IP? INTERNET PACKET INTERNET PROTOCOL

5.What does WWW stands for?

WEB WORLD WIDE WORLD WIDE WEB
BRIEF HISTORY
OF THE
 BRIEF
HISTORY
OF
INTERNET
 1957- 1960
Computers before only worked one
task at a time which is called
“batch processing” which is
ineffective. To access one
computer, one must travel
physically to the site. Computers
become bigger and bigger and
needed to be stored at cooler
rooms. Developers couldn’t work
directly to the computers so they
have to call specialists to
connect them. They were
originally created as a way of
government researchers to share
informations. Computers were
immobile at this time.
.
 1957- 1960
Programming was a lot of work and
indirect connection to the computer
led to a lot of bugs, wasting time and
fraying the developer’s nerves so a
remote connection had to be installed
to work to the computers directly.
Another catalyst in the formation of
the Internet was the heating up of the
Cold War. The Soviet Union's launch of
the Sputnik I satellite spurred the
U.S. Defense Department to consider
ways information could still be
disseminated even after a nuclear
attack. So, to secure America’s lead
in technology they found DARPA
( Defense Advance Research Project
Agency)
1962 – Creation of ARPANET

In 1962, while he was serving as director at the

U.S. Department of Defense Advanced Research
Projects Agency (ARPA), it was Dr. JCR.
Licklider’s persuasive and detailed description of
the challenges to establishing a time-sharing
network of computers that ultimately led to the
creation of the ARPAnet. His 1968 paper called
“The Computer as a Communication Device”
illustrated his vision of network applications and
predicted the use of computer networks for
communications. Until then, computers had
generally been thought of as mathematical devices
for speeding up computations.
1962 – Creation of ARPANET
Through the creation of DARPA (Defense Advanced
Research Project Agency), three more other concept
of the internet were:

1. MILITARY NETWORK by RAND Corporation

2. COMMERCIAL NETWORK of National Physical
Laboratory in England.

• Packet Switching- sent files were divided into

smaller packets which will be put together again
by the receiver.

3. SCIENTIFIC NETWORK “CYCLADES” in France.

*the term “inter-net” was coined.
 1969 – First Message
In 1961, Leonard Kleinrock published a 
piece about the “ARPANET“ in a piece entitled
“Information Flow in the Large Communication
Nets”. Eight years later, Kleinrock directed the
transmission of the first message from his host
computer to pass over the 
Internet on October 29, 1969. 

The first message sent was “LO” but the actual

message was supposed to be “LOGIN”. However, the
system failed and had to be rebooted, but it was a
successful experiment. By the end of the year, there
was a connection between four network nodes – UCSB,
SRI, UCLA, SRI, and the University of Utah.
1971- Invention of E-mail

The ARPANET’s first

networked electronic
email system was invented by
Ray Tomlinson in 1971. This
was the first “hot”
application in the simple
history of the Internet. He
achieved this by creating the
first email utility that could
file, list, read, respond to,
and forward messages.
 1971 – INVENTION OF e-
BOOK
It all started in 1971 when Michael Hart had
access to a significant amount of computing time.
Then, he realized that the future of computers’
purpose lies not in computation. Instead, it was
in the storing, retrieving, and searching of
knowledge that, at the time, was only available
in libraries.
He painstakingly typed the “Declaration of
Independence” (there was no OCR at the time) and
started Project Gutenberg. This project announced
the beginning of the eBook. Thanks to Michael,
today we can reach any information found in
various books broadly accessible in electronic
form.
 1973 – TCP AND IP
At the beginning of ARPANET, there wasn’t a universal
language that enabled machines on different networks to
communicate with one another. Back then, the ARPANET
was just a trustworthy and secure packet-switched
network, so the idea to expand the Web was born. For ROBERT KAHN
this to happen, scientists needed an all-encompassing
protocol, a set of rules that controls the entire
network.
These regulations needed to be stringent enough to
ensure secure data transfer and flexible enough to
account for all possible data transfer methods. This
led to the birth of TCP/IP (Transmission Control
Protocol), a set of commonly used protocols that played
an essential role in enabling computer devices and
application programs to deliver messages over the
network successfully. VINTON CERF
 1973 – TCP AND IP
ROBERT KAHN, known as one of the “Fathers of
the Internet,” and VINTON CERF invented these
protocols and initiated the idea of open-
architecture networking. TCP/IP protocol ROBERT KAHN
becomes the basis for the Internet’s open
architecture, which allows any computer with
the appropriate connection to enter the Web.

*TCP (TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL)-

introduced computers across the globe to each other in
a virtual space. It gave way to the TCP/IP protocol
standard which guaranteed compatibility between
networks and finally merged them creating the INTERNET.
VINTON CERF
1981 Full specification of the TCP and IP.

1982 First public Wan initiated in Europe.

Internet was fully operational with three original networks

1983 and all hosts running TCP/IP.
These are the ARPANET, PRNET, SATNET.

1984 First implementations of DNS.

First email arrived in Germany
1985 Symbolics.com, the worlds first domain is registered.

1986 Craig Patridge developed Modern Email Routing System.

1987 UUNET, one of the largest internet service was founded.

1988 CERF, a network service provider began business.

1989 PSINET, first commercial internet service provider.

 1981-
1982 Dave Farber
Dave Farber of the University of Delaware reveals a
project to build an inexpensive network using dial-up
phone lines. In 1982, the PhoneNet system is
established and is connected to ARPANET and the first Paul
commercial network, Telenet. This broadens access to Mockapetris
the internet and allows for email communication
between multiple nations of the world. In 1981,
Metcalfe’s company 3Com announces Ethernet products
for both computer workstations and personal computers;
this allows for the establishment of local area Jon Postel
networks (LANs). Paul Mockapetris, Jon Postel and
Craig Partridge create the Domain Name system, which 
uses domain names to manage the increasing number of
users on the internet. In 1985, 
the first domain is registered: symbolics.com, a Craig
domain belonging to a computer manufacturer. Partridge
 1990 – THE WORLD WIDE WEB

During the 1980s, the Internet kept growing at an

exponential rate.
Still, only researchers, scientists, and
programmers used it a lot to send messages and
share information; other people generally had no
idea about the Internet.
Not until Tim Berners Lee, a computer scientist, 
invented the Web in 1989. Tim also came up with
fundamental Internet elements, such as HTML,
HTTP, URL. He also invented the first Web page
browser/editor “WorldWideWeb.app”  and the first
Web server “http“. The first Web page was served
on the open Internet by the end of 1990.
 1990’s
In 1990, ARPANET is decommissioned. Tim Berners-Lee and his colleagues
at CERN develop hypertext markup language (HTML) and the uniform
resource locator (URL), giving birth to 
the first incarnation of the World Wide Web. A watershed year for the
internet comes in 1995: Microsoft launches Windows 95; Amazon, Yahoo
and eBay all launch; Internet Explorer launches; and Java is created,
allowing for animation on websites and creating a new flurry of
internet activity. In 1996, Congress passes the Communications Decency
Act in an effort to 
combat the growing amount of objectionable material on the internet.
John Perry Barlow responds with an essay, A Declaration of the
Independence of Cyberspace.
Google is founded in 1998. In 1999, the music and video piracy
controversy intensifies with the launch of Napster. The first internet
virus capable of copying and sending itself to a user’s address book
is discovered in 1999
1991 World Wide Web is available to the public.

1992
Erwise was created- internet browser with
first graphical interface.

1993 Mosaic was created and popularize surfing

the web.

Creation of YAHOO and NETSCAPE NAVIGATOR

1994 and was the popular browser which
comprises 90% in 1995.

1995 Amazon.com, Craiglist and Ebay go live.

Google Search engine was officially

1998 launched for public use.

 2000’s
2000 sees the rise and burst of the dotcom bubble.
While myriad internet-based businesses become present
in everyday life, the Dow Jones industrial average
also sees its biggest one-day drop in history up to
that point. By 2001, 
most publicly traded dotcom companies are gone. It’s
not all bad news, though; the 2000s see 
Google’s meteoric rise to domination of the search
engine market. This decade also sees the 
rise and proliferation of Wi-Fi — wireless internet
communication — as well as mobile internet devices
like smartphones and, in 2005, the 
first-ever internet cat video.
2000 Dot-com bubble bursts because of DDOS attack.

2003 Wordpress blog publishing platform was launched.

2004 Launch of FACEBOOK.

2005 Launch of Youtube and Reddit.

2006 Launch of Twitter

2014 Google and Browser community enforced a far safer internet

with HTTPS.

2016 Google Assistant greeted the world and other Chatbots joined
the Internet Race.

2018 Year of CHATBOTS.

2019 5G started to be commercial.

ACCORDING T0 THE
ACCORDING T0 THE
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ACCORDING T0 THE
BLOGS RELATED TO THE HISTORY OF
INTERNET.
A simple history of the Internet

July 3, 2014
Author: Into Tesler
A simple history of the Internet - Intetics

Which came first, the personal computer or the Internet? If you say “personal computer,” guess again.
The Internet as we know it may not have taken shape until the 1990s, well after Bill Gates revealed his first PC. So who
invented the Internet? The timeline of the Internet actually traces all the way back to the Vietnam War era: 1969, to be
exact. In that year, a team of defense engineers at the University of Los Angeles-California (UCLA) sent the first-ever
instant message via computer to another team thousands of miles away at Stanford University.
From their work station in 3420 Boelter Hall, on the UCLA campus, the defense engineers had just set up the first node of
Arpanet, a system funded by the Department of Defense’s Advance Research Projects Agency (ARPA). ARPA’s vision was
for a system that would connect large computers at the Department of Defense’s various facilities so that they could share
software, information, and storage space. UCLA would be one of its four main hubs—the University of Utah, SRI
International, and UC-Santa Barbara would be the others.
In its short history the Internet has rapidly evolved from this simple, four-hub, military-only data grid to a planet-wide,
universally accessed and accessible informational universe that we know and love today.  Let’s take a look at a simple
history of the Internet and recap some of the milestones that got us from there to here with a short Internet history timeline:
BLOGS RELATED TO THE HISTORY OF
INTERNET.
1958: The United States government creates the Advanced Research Projects Agency, which is later responsible for ARPANet and the
Internet.
1961: Leonard Kleinrock writes “Information Flow In Large Communication Nets,” a Ph.D thesis for the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology. This thesis is the first step toward establishing packet-switching theory, which is the basis of the future Internet.
1962: The earliest form of electronic mail comes into existence, provided by the Automatic Digital Network, or AUTODIN.
1964: Paul Baran compiles a series of reports titled “
On Distributed Communications: Introduction to Distributed Communications Networks” for the United States Air Force Project RAND.
This theory proposed distributed networks that would send data in pieces across many routes rather than one. This was intended to make
networks resistant to damage in the form of lost nodes.
 
1967: Dr. Lawrence Roberts writes the paper “Multiple Computer Networks and Intercomputer Communications,” which helps define
ARPANet. Meanwhile, Wesley Clark coins the term “Interface Message Processors” (IMP), which refers to packet-switching devices that
later evolve into modern network routers.
1969: ARPANet is formed out of the need for redundancy in communications to defend against nuclear attack. It provides a means to
connect different networks to each other, primarily those owned by military and educational institutions.
1971: The first network computer virus, Creeper, infects ARPANet. Written by a BBN programmer named Robert Thomas, it was intended
as an experiment in self-replicating software.
1974. The word “Internet” first appeared in print—in a DARPA-published Request for Comments document on TCP/IP, a new set of
communications and networking protocols for managing data transmissions on the new system. TCP/IP is still integral to the present-day
Internet. In the meantime, Arpanet was growing fast as more universities, science centers, and army installations got connected.
1976. Queen Elizabeth of England became the first head of state to send an email. Jimmy Carter followed suit and used email several times
while campaigning.
BLOGS RELATED TO THE HISTORY OF
INTERNET.
1981: The Computer Science Network, or CSNET, is created by University of Wisconsin-Madison computer science professor Lawrence
Landweber. CSNET succeeds in connecting many universities as well as international computer science networks to each other as well as
bringing nationwide attention to the benefits of networking. It also makes the TCP/IP protocol mainstream within the networking
community
1983. The Domain Name System (DNS) was invented. Whereas site’s names had been obtuse sequences of letters and numbers, they would
now be easy-to-remember names with endings such as .gov, .edu, or .mil.
1985. The National Science Foundation (NSF) funded construction of Arpanet’s biggest upgrade yet: the NSFNET, a command hub of five
supercomputers to serve as highways for all data traffic. NSFNET could transmit data at 56 kilobits per second—slower than some present-
day modems.
1986: The National Science Foundation Network, or NSFNET, goes online. This enabled multiple university supercomputer centers to
connect, and it later evolved into a major route for data moving through the Internet, an Internet backbone.
1989: Tim Berners-Lee invents the World Wide Web using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and the Hypertext Markup Language
(HTML). It becomes the primary medium of global Internet-based communications years later.
1990. Tim Berners-Lee invented HTML and a text browser, as well as a hypertext graphical user interface (GUI) browser. Then he
established the first successful communication between a Hypertext Transfer Protocol client and a server via the Internet. These inventions,
put together, were the makings of Web pages as we know them today. Lee also made up the term “World Wide Web.” The synonym
Information Superhighway would follow in a few more years.
1991. The NSF allowed commercial enterprises to use the Internet for the first time.
1993: W3Catalog becomes the first World Wide Web search engine. It indexes the Web, enabling users to find Web pages.
1994. Jeff Bezos founded Amazon. A whole new world of e-commerce was born.
1995. The NSF ceased funding the Internet altogether, leaving it a completely self-sustaining industry. Also noteworthy, Sun Microsystems
first released Java, still an immensely popular Internet programming language to this day.
1998. Google opened its first office.
BLOGS RELATED TO THE HISTORY OF
INTERNET.
2001: Jimmy Wales and Larry Sanger found Wikipedia, forming a user-made encyclopedia online.
2004-2005. Facebook was launched in December 2004. YouTube debuted the next year. The social-media revolution had begun.
2006. Google CEO Eric Schmidt introduced the term “cloud computing” at an industry conference. “The Cloud” would become another
synonym for the Internet soon thereafter.
2007. Mobile and smartphones technologies going commercial and growing rapidly. Consumers would no longer need a personal computer
to go online. The Internet would be reachable wherever they could find a wireless signal.
2008. Google Index reaches 1 trillion URLs. Google launched Chrome. Spotify launched. Apple launched App Store. Dozens of space
images are transmitted to and from a Nasa science spacecraft located more than 32 million km from Earth.
 
2009. Mobile data traffic exceeded voice traffic every single month. Globally, mobile data exceeded an exabyte (a billion gigabytes) for the
first time. Foursquare launched – users start “check in” at locations all over the world. Kichstarter is founded in April: crowdfunding
becomes popular with start-ups.
2010. The number of registered domains reaches 200 million. Apple launches iPad, many other producers followed. 4G wireless networks
launches in US. Instagram and Pinterest launched. Astronaut T.J. Creamer uploads the first tweet from space.
2011. The number of Internet users reaches 2 billion. Google+ launched. Microsoft buys Skype.  The Stop Online Piracy Act is introduced
in the US.
2012. Worldwide internet users breaks 2.4 billion. Nasa’s Curiosity Rover checks in on Mars using FourSquare.
 
2013 – 2015. More data was produced than throughout all human history. Apple releases Apple Watch, other producers followed – smart
watches industry was created. Google releases Google Glasses. Microsoft announces the mercy killing of Internet Explorer. Mobile Internet
surpasses desktop. Almost a half of the world’s populations become Internet users. Superfast Gigablast Internet (100 times faster then DSL)
is introduced to residential customers.
2016. Donald Trump victory on the US presidential elections clamed to be premised on huge digital campaign investment. 40% of global
internet users, or more than 1 billion people, buy products or goods online. Live Streaming goes popular.
BLOGS RELATED TO THE HISTORY OF
INTERNET.

An Internet History Timeline: From the 1960s to Now (jefferson.

edu)

History of the Internet – RoseHosting

A Brief History of the Internet (usg.edu)

 ISSUES AND CONCERNS

Internet Issues

1. Global inconsistencies in internet availability. One of the internet’s

biggest advantages is its ability to connect people all over the world—
but that world appears significantly smaller when you realize how
unavailable or slow the internet is in many countries other than the
United States, Japan, and other world leaders. Many African countries
like Chad, Niger, and Somalia have 
single-digit percentages of their respective populations with internet
access, and internet speeds vary wildly from country to country. If we
want the fullest possible use and benefit out of the internet, we need to
take measures to assure the greatest number of people—from countries all
over the world—have reliable access. Companies like Facebook are trying
to solve this problem by beaming internet to remote locations via
automatically piloted balloons, but it will be some time before the world
is fully connected.
 ISSUES AND CONCERNS

2. Unexpected fluctuations in use. Internet companies have

learned to expect a kind of ebb and flow to internet use.
Late at night and early in the morning, few people are
accessing content online, but during peak working hours and
prime time, people stream large volumes. This isn’t
problematic when you know what to anticipate; the problem
comes with unexpected fluctuations, which can pop up at any
time—for unpredictable reasons. Companies like 10Gbps.io are
attempting to resolve this by using unmetered bandwidth
dedicated servers with high uplink potential to provide
ample reserve for their users.
 ISSUES AND CONCERNS

3. Cybercriminal access. It’s a good thing that the internet is as widely

available as it is, but that also means it’s available to hackers and
cybercriminals—and wider access means more potential targets. There’s no way to
eliminate cybercrime, as improving technological defenses simply results in more
innovative hacking to get around them. However, we can better educate consumers
and give them the resources necessary to protect themselves—even with simple
measures, like choosing stronger passwords.

.
 ISSUES AND CONCERNS

Who’s Responsible?
The “internet” is commonly misunderstood as a
freestanding entity, but there are many moving parts with
many responsible parties for their development and
oversight. It’s going to take collaboration from multiple
industries and multiple companies, from major internet
providers to tech companies and even governmental
organizations to make the infrastructural and cultural
changes necessary to pave the internet’s future. As the
foundational technology for the information age, the
internet continues to be one of the most important
vessels for the progression of our society (including
other technologies), so it should be one of our top
collective priorities.
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