Learning Theories FLF

Learning Theories
(Facilitating Learning)
Constructivism Approach
The constructivism approach is anchored by Jean Constructivism advocates learners build

Piaget's Cognitive Constructivism and Lev knowledge out of their experiences out of their
Vygotsky's Social Constructivism. experiences and ideas.
• Jean Piaget observed that learners create new knowledge from
their prior experiences through the process of assimilation and
accommodation.
• Vygotsky insists that for learners to gain a greater amount of learning,
they should be in constant encounter with significant others.
• Sotto believed learners take responsibility for their own learning,
while teachers facilitate learning within a social context.
• Lave and Wenger and Duffy stressed that learning does not only
depend on cognitive processes but also social interactions and
community engagement and other learning processes in
a "contextualized" learning.
Beliefs of Constructivism
• Social and culture effect learning.
• Learning involves community engagement.
• Social interaction is equally imporatnt because of the
characteristics of learners as social learners.
Jean Piaget's
Cognitive
Constructivism
• This theory stresses that learners
take active roles in
understanding, creating, and
making sense of information in
terms of developmental stages,
developmental tasks, and
learning styles.
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The following are the major considerations
when applying this theory:
1. There are things that learners can and cannot
understand at different ages.
2. Learners develop cognitive abilities through
developmental stages.
3. Learners fit in new experiences into their existing
schema (assimilation)
4. Learners after existing schema to integrate their new
experiences (accomodation)
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According to Elliot (2007) it is essential to
include the elements that influence learners'
cognitive development such as:
1. Maturation occurs naturally as learners grow older.
2. As learners grow, develop, and mature, there is greater
interaction with their environment, allowing them to learn from
their actions and modify their predetermined ideas.
3. The process of learning from others depends on the learners'
developmental stages and learning styles to develop their
learning ability. He calls this process as social transmission.
Lev Vygotsky's
Social
Constructivism
• This theory emphasizes that
learning is built through social
encounters with peers and
adults.
• Social interaction vis-a-vis culture
is vital in the learning process.
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Zone of Proximal Scaffolds - It is a
Development - it competent
refers to the gap assistance extended
The following between actual and

potential
development.
to the learners as
they begin the
journey of learning.
are the major

considerations Social Interaction - it
refers to the
More Knowledge
Other - It refers to
significant others
when applying
frequent interaction that learners look for
of learners with when in doubt. Ones
other people that who have grander
influence learning. knowledge than the
this theory: learners.

Albert Bandura's
Social Learning
Theory
• This theory is simply known as the
"Voovoo or Bobo doll" experiment.
• Based on this experiment, it can be
concluded that novel patterns of
behavior can be acquired through
observing the behaviors of others or
directly experiencing being with
others.
• Learners learn through simulation
and modeling.

According to Bandura,
models are classified as:
1. Real-life or Direct Modeling - It is a type of modeling
where learners imitate the model's behavior.
2. Symbolic Modeling - It is a type of modeling where
learners imitate the behaviors displayed by characters in
books, plays, movies, or television.
3. Synthesized Modeling - It is a type of modeling where
learners develop behaviors by combining portions of
observed acts.
4. Abstract modeling- It is a type of modeling where
learners infer a system of rules by observing examples
where rules are displayed.
Concepts in 1. Vicarious Learning. Learning is acquired
Social from observing the consequences of
other's behavior.
Learning
2. Self-regulated Learning. Learning occurs
Theory when learners observe, assess, and judge
According to their own behavior against their own
standards.
Bandura
Four Phases of Observational Learning According to
Bandura
Attention. This phase requires learners to initially pay attention to be able to

observe fully the distinctive features of the model's behavior.
Retention. This phase allows learners to retain or recall the observed behavior.
Motor Reproduction Process. This phase entails physical skills and coordination

because they are needed for imitation of the learned behavior.
Motivational Process. This phase causes learners to explicitly perform the

modeled behavior to receive favorable conditions.
Jean Lave and Wenger's Situated
Learning
• This theory posits that learners
learn situations and contexts in
which the nature of the
situation significantly impacts
the process of learning.
• When learning involves social
relationships and co-
participation exists between
and among learners.
Howard Gardner's
Multiple Intelligences.
• This theory postulates that persons have the
capacity to possess all intelligences in varying
degrees because of the influence of both
heredity and environment.
• He defines intelligence as the overall mental
ability of a learner.
• He has utilized aspects of cognitive and
developmental psychology, anthropology, and
sociology to support his claim on human
intellect.

Robert Sternberg's
Triarchic Intelligence
• This theory believes that
learner learns even outside
the classroom.
• The environment is the best
classroom for them.

Kinds of Intelligence
Practical Intelligence. The Experiential Intelligence. Componential

ability to do well in formal The ability to deal with Intelligence. The ability to
and in informal current situations so that process metacognition
educational settings; this novel situations that may and knowledge-
is also known as "street arise in the future are acquisition components
smart" individuals. easily handled. effectively.
Wilhelm
Wundt's
Structuralism
• This theory assumes the
discovery structure of the
mind is built upon the
basic elements of ideas
and sensations and could
only be completed
through introspection.

William James'
Functionalism
• This theory examines how
the mind functions and the
mental processing that leads
to adaptive behavior. While
the functionalists were
concerned with both mental
processes and adaptive
behavior, the major
emphasis was on behavior.

Kurt Lewin's "Life space"
and "field theory"
• "Life space" refers to reality such as
need, aspirations, desires, and goals,
while "field theory" refers to the
functions of both person and
environment.
• Learning occurs when the learners'
existing environment is in harmony
with their present reality.
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Daniel Goleman's
Emotional
Intelligence
• This theory highlights the

role of emotion in the
development of an
individual's personality,
which eventually affects
the progress of learning
and behavior.
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David Kolb's
Experiential
Learning
• This theory focuses on
constructing knowledge
because of one's
reflective experience,
which serves as the main
driving force in learning

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Coonectivism Approach
• The connectivism approach is self-directed learning where learners
learn on their own with the use of computer aided instruction.
• They search, explore, and navigate information mostly with internet
connectivity and it is the current way of learning, most especially in
this time of new normal.
• Learners are engaged in modular lessons conducted through
synchronous and asynchronous modalities where learners work at
their own pace.

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Learning Theories

The constructivism approach is anchored by Jean Constructivism advocates learners build

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA.

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-NC.

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC.

The following between actual and

are the major

this theory: learners.

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC.

Attention. This phase requires learners to initially pay attention to be able to

Retention. This phase allows learners to retain or recall the observed behavior.

Motor Reproduction Process. This phase entails physical skills and coordination

Motivational Process. This phase causes learners to explicitly perform the

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC.

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC.

Practical Intelligence. The Experiential Intelligence. Componential

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC.

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA.

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY.

• This theory highlights the

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND.

This Photo by Unknown author is licensed under CC BY-SA.

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