Equations
Equations
Equations
Index
Sec A
Lesson interaction
• What do you notice about each of the following?
6+3=9
Sec B
5-3=2
5+3=1+7
Sec C
x = 4.
2x = x + x
Sec D
3x = 2x + x = x + x + x
16/04/23 3
on
In
Sec A
• Did you learn about the Law of the Lever in science and if so what does
Lesson interaction
it state?
Sec B
• The weight multiplied by the length from the fulcrum is equal on both
sides if the balance is balanced.
Sec C
• The balance is balanced if the weights on either side of the fulcrum are
Sec D
gravity and place the weights at the same distance from the fulcrum on
both sides.
Sec F
16/04/23 4
In
Sec A
Lesson interaction
• Thinking about a balance what happens to the equation 2x + 5 = 11 if
Sec B
• How can we restore the balance keeping the 5 removed from the left
hand side?
Sec D
• Note: all the balances in these questions are balanced unless told
otherwise.
Sec F
Sec G
Sec H
Append
16/04/23 5
In
• (i) Words:
the weight of three spheres is balanced by the weight of one cylinder
Sec E
• (ii) Symbols:
3s =c
Sec F
(Assume all balances in these questions are balanced unless told otherwise)
Sec G
Sec H
Append
16/04/23 6
Append Sec H Sec G Sec F Sec E Sec D Sec C Sec B Sec A In
16/04/23
7
In
Sec A
Lesson interaction
• How do question 2(a) and 2(c) on the Student Activity differ?
Sec B
the value of x that makes this equation true, the question will state
solve for x.
Sec E
• Now solve 3x = 27 and write in your exercise book how you did this
Sec F
16/04/23 8
In
Lesson interaction
• We are now going to play a game.
Sec B
• I want you to think of a number but do not tell anyone what it is.
• Multiply your number by 2 and add 3.
Sec C
Lesson interaction
•
Sec D
Lesson interaction
• What you have been doing is an action called “backtracking”
Sec B
Sec C
Sec D
Sec E
16/04/23 10
In
Lesson interaction
1. Complete the table of rules for backtracking.
Sec B
Sec C
Sec D
Sec E
done
Append
16/04/23 11
In
Sec A
Lesson interaction
the unknown. 3x and 15 are both terms.
Sec B
Lesson interaction
• Write an equation to express this.
Sec D
16/04/23 12
In
16/04/23 13
In
Sec A
• There are two possible ways to write out the solution to an equation:
Lesson interaction
• Method 1
Sec B
2x + 3 - 3 = 11 - 3
• What is the next step?
2x = 8
Sec E
2 2
Sec G
x=4
16/04/23 14
In
Lesson interaction
• Draw lines at the side of the equation as on the board. These are
referred to as stabilisers. This is a similar idea to bike stabilisers.
Sec B
-3 2x + 3 = 11 - 3
÷2 2x = 8 ÷2
Sec C
Lesson interaction
x =4
• When you got good at riding a bicycle, what did you do with the
Sec D
stabilisers?
Sec E
• When you get good at solving the equations you can abandon the
stabilisers.
Sec F
16/04/23 15
In
Sec A
16/04/23 16
In
Sec A
a. 2x = 4 b. 3x + 1 = 13
c. 5x - 4 = 21 d. 4x - 4 = 44
Sec H
e. 11x - 5 = 3 f. 3x - 4 = 11
Append
16/04/23 17
In
Sec A
Lesson interaction
Reflection:
Sec B
16/04/23 18
In
Lesson interaction
• How do we solve the equation 4p + 3 = 11
Sec B
3x = 6
6 = 3x
Sec E
3x = 2 + 4
Sec F
16/04/23 19
In
Lesson interaction
1. Solve the following equations and check solution which will be a
natural number in each case:
Sec B
d. 2s + 1 = 9 e. 2t - 1 = 7 f. 5r - 8 = 17
g. 2x - 9 = -1 h. 2y - 15 = 31 i. 1 - 2c = -5
Sec D
j. 8d -168 = -16
16/04/23 20
In
Sec A
3x = 21
x=7
Sec E
Sec F
Sec G
Sec H
Append
16/04/23 21
In
Sec A
Lesson interaction
• What is different about the equation 9 = 2x + 5 in comparison to the
ones we have dealt with earlier?
Sec B
-5 9 = 2x + 5 -5
÷2 4 = 2x ÷2
Sec D
2 =x
Sec E
9. Solve the following equations and check your solutions which will
be an integer in each case:
a. 3x - 7 = 2x b. 4t + 6 = 2t c. 1 + 2c = 7
Sec F
d. 42 = 7 – 5c e. -42 = 5m – 7 f. –p = 72 + 2p
g. 6 -3k= 0 h. -9y = -y - 48
Sec G
i. x = 5 j. x = -5
3 3
Sec H
Append
16/04/23 22
In
Sec A
5 – x = 21
5 – 5 – x = 21 - 5
-x=16
Sec E
Sec F
Sec G
Sec H
Append
16/04/23 23
In
Sec A
Lesson interaction
• How do you think you would solve this equation?
Sec B
-5 2x + 5 = x + 9 -5
Sec C
-x 2x = x + 4 -x
Lesson interaction
x =4
Sec D
16/04/23 24
In
Sec A
15. Examine this student’s work. Spot the errors, if any, in each case.
Sec B
Sec C
Sec D
Sec E
Sec F
Sec G
Sec H
Append
16/04/23 25
In
Lesson interaction
• Think of a story represented by the equation 4x = 8
Sec B
Lesson interaction
Sec D
Sec E
Sec F
Sec G
Sec H
Append
16/04/23 26
In
1.Brendan thinks of a number, adds 3 and the answer is 15. Represent this
Sec B
Represent this statement as an equation. Solve the equation and check your
answer.
Sec D
3. A farmer has a number of cows and he plans to double that number next
year, when he will have 24. Represent this statement as an equation. Solve
Sec E
4. A new student enters a class and the class now has 25 students. Represent
this statement as an equation. Solve the equation and check your answer.
Sec G
answer.
Append
16/04/23 27
In
Sec A
6. A farmer doubles the amount of cows he has and then buys a further
three cows. He now has 29. Represent this as an equation. How many did
Sec B
he originally have?
7. Emma and her twin brother will have a total age of 42 in 5 year’s time.
Sec C
8. A table’s length is 6 metres longer than its width and the perimeter of
the table is 24 metres. Allow x to represent the width of the table write
Sec E
x
Sec G
Sec H
Append
16/04/23 28
In
Sec A
9. Mark had some cookies He gave half of them to his friend John. He then
divided his remaining cookies evenly between his other three friends each of
whom got four cookies. How many cookies did Mark have?
Sec B
10. Chris has €400 in his bank account and he deposits €5 per week thereafter
Sec C
into his account. His brother Ben has €582 in his account and withdraws €8 per
week from his account. If this pattern continues, how many weeks will it be
Sec D
11. The sum of three consecutive natural numbers is 51. What are the
Sec E
numbers?
Sec F
12. A ribbon is 30cm long and it is cut into three pieces such that each piece is
2cm longer than the next. Represent this as an equation? Solve the equation to
discover how long each piece of ribbon is.
Sec G
Sec H
Append
16/04/23 29
In
Sec A
Lesson interaction
“2 new students enter a class and the class now has 26 students”.
Sec B
• Why?
Sec C
• How does this differ from saying the number of students double?
Sec D
13. Write a story that each of the following equations could represent:
i. 2x = 10 ii. 2x + 5 = 11 iii. 3x – 5 = 13 iv. 3x – 5 = 2x + 13
Sec G
Sec H
Append
16/04/23 30
In
Lesson interaction
1. Can you solve the equation 2x=2x+1? Why or why not?
Sec B
2.
a. Make a list of 4 points on this line.
b. What is added to each x to give the
Sec C
y value?
Lesson interaction
c. So is it true to say the line has equation
Sec D
y = x + 3?
d. Solve the equation x + 3 = 0 by algebra.
Sec E
paper.
Append
16/04/23 31
In
Sec A
3. Complete the following table and draw the resulting line on graph
paper.
Sec B
Sec C
Sec D
Sec E
algebra?
Append
16/04/23 32
In
Sec A
4. Complete the following table and draw the resulting line on graph
paper.
Sec B
Sec C
Sec D
b. What is the x value of the point where this line cuts the x axis?
c. Solve the equation 2x – 1 = 0 using algebra.
Sec F
d. Do you get the same answer for the x value of the point where the line
Sec G
y =2x -1 cuts the x axis and from solving the equation 2x -1 = 0 using #
algebra?
Sec H
Append
16/04/23 33
In
Sec A
16/04/23 34
In
Lesson interaction
• So we can now solve equations by algebra and by graph.
Sec B
is 1, 2, 3 etc.
Sec H
Append
16/04/23 35
In
Sec A
Lesson interaction
• How is the value of 2(3 + 4) found?
Sec B
Lesson interaction
2(x + 4) = 18
Sec D
-8 2x + 8 = 18 -8
÷2 2x = 10 ÷2
Sec E
x =5
• How would we solve 3(x – 2) = 2( x – 4)?
Sec F
equation?
16/04/23 36
In
a. 3(y – 2) = 3 b. 4(x - 2) = 8
c. 2(4 - x) = 6x d. 5(t - 2) + 6(t - 3) = 5
Sec C
answer.
answer.
Append
16/04/23 37
In
Sec A
4. 4. a. These students each made one error, explain the error in each
case.
Sec B
Sec C
Sec D
Sec E
5. Mary is 5 years older than Jack. Twice Mary’s age plus 3 times Jack’s
age is 125. Write an equation to represent this information and solve
the equation to find Mary’s age.
Sec G
increases by 4 cents and Alan goes to the shop and buys 4 apples
plus a magazine costing €2. His total bill came to €4.44.
Append
16/04/23 38
In
Sec A
number?
8. Erica went shopping. She spent a quarter of her money on books, half
Sec C
of her money on shoes and €5 on food. She had €12 left. Write an
equation to represent this situation. Solve the equation to find how much
Sec D
16/04/23 39
In
Sec A
Reflection:
Lesson interaction
Sec B
• Write down what you learned about solving an equation if there are
brackets present.
Sec C
16/04/23 40
In
Lesson interaction
How does one add 1 1+
2 3
Sec B
Sec C
Lesson interaction
Equations can also involve fractions for example:
Sec D
x x 5 + =
2 3 6
Sec E
Sec F
Sec G
Sec H
Append
16/04/23 41
In
16/04/23 42
In
Sec A
16/04/23 43
In
Sec A
2. Martha has a certain number of sweets in a bag and she gives half to
Mary and Mary gets 20. How can this be represented as an equation?
Solve the equation and check your answer.
Sec B
3. A father is x years of age and is twice the age of his daughter, who is
Sec C
grandmother is twice the age of the mother. The sum of their ages is
140. Write an equation to represent this situation and solve the
Sec F
16/04/23 44
In
Sec A
wood and the width of the room is half that of the wood. The owner
says that the only information he can remember about the room is
Sec C
6. Jonathan is half Jean’s age and Paul is 3 years older than Jean. Given
Sec E
that the sum of their ages is 43, write an equation to represent this
situation and solve the equation. What age is each person?
Sec F
Sec G
Sec H
Append
16/04/23 45
In
Sec A
8. Kirsty has just bought a new outfit consisting of a skirt, a shirt and
shoes. She will not tell her mother the cost of the shoes, but her
Sec D
mother knows she spent all her pocket money of €220 on the outfit.
Through a series of questions her mother discovers that she spent 4
Sec E
times the amount she spent on the skirt on the shoes and she spent
half the amount she spent on the skirt on the shirt. Write an equation
Sec F
to represent this information and find the cost of the shoes using this
equation.
Sec G
bag. There were now 90 chocolate buttons left in the bag. Write an
equation to represent this information and solve the equation to find
Append
11 Simplify
Sec D
Sec E
16/04/23 47
In
Lesson interaction
• Elements of Z: -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 etc
Sec B
• Elements of Q? ½, ¼, ¾ , etc
Lesson interaction
Sec D
2x + 5 = 8
3x – 7 = 17
Sec G
3x/5 = 13
2.5x = 45
Sec H
1.5x + 3 = 22
Append
16/04/23 48
In
7 An electric supplier has a fixed charge of €48 for every two months and
Sec G
your equation to find how many units of electricity they used during this
period.
Append
16/04/23 49
In
Sec A
8 3 is taken from a number and the result divided by 4. This is then added to
half of the original number giving an answer of 47. Find the original number?
Sec B
9 Julie went shopping. She spent one sixth of her money on books, an eight of
her money on shoes and €5 on food. She had €13.50 left. Write an equation
Sec C
to represent this information. Solve the equation to find how much money
she had at the beginning of the day?
Sec D
10 The difference between a half of a number and a third of the same number is
34.5.
Sec E
11 The difference between one third of a number and 2 sevenths of the same
number is 2½
Sec G
16/04/23 50
In
Sec A
Reflection:
Work in groups and summarise what you know about equations, solving
Sec B
key words
Sec D
Make a list of key words you have learned and write an explanation for
each word.
Sec E
Sec F
Sec G
Sec H
Append
16/04/23 51
In
Appendix A
Sec A
http://
Sec C
nlvm.usu.edu/en/nav/frames_asid_201_g_4_t_2.html?open=instructions
&from=category_g_4_t_2.html
Sec D
http://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/add-subtractbalance.html
Sec E
Sec F
Sec G
Sec H
Append
16/04/23 52