RPH - Unit III 1

UNIT III
”ONE PAST BUT

MANY HISTORIES”
Controversies and Conflicting
Views in Philippine History
The history of the Philippines has numerous splendid topics to discuss. Many
issues have only been briefly explicated and sometimes this brings confusion in understanding
our past as one nation. Hence, this unit demonstrates the ability to formulate arguments in
favor of or against a particular issue using primary sources.
Overview
THE SITE OF THE FIRST MASS
Antonio Pigafetta was an Italian

scholar and explorer who joined
Ferdinand Magellan to explore
the westward route to the Spice
Islands and Chronicled the
World's first circumnavigation.
1872: A monument to remind the site of
the first Mass on the Philippines
1 was erected in Butuan.
1953: The people in Butuan questioned

the Philippine Historical Committee to
2 rehabilitate the monument or place a
Controversies between marker on it.
Limasawa and Masao/ On the ground of this objection, the

Butuan monument re-erected, but the marble slab
3 stating it was the site of the first Mass
removed.
MASAO
Zaide identified Masao in Butuan as the
locations of the first Mass. The basis
4 Zaide's requisition is the diary of Antonio
Pigafetta, chronicler of Magellan's journey.
LIMASAWA
The Site of the First Mass
Jaime de Veyra stated that the first

Mass was celebrated in Limasawa not
in Butuan.
Historian Pablo Pastell is stating by

the footnote to Francisco Colin's Labor
Evangelica that Magellan did not go to
Butuan but from Limasawa to Cebu.
LIMASAWA
Francisco Albo (pilot of Magellan's

flagship doesn't tell the first Mass, but he
writes that they erected a cross on a
mountain that forget three islands, the
west, and the southwest.
James Robertson concedes with

Pastells in a footnote that "Mazua" was
actually Limasawa.
LIMASAWA
In the real account of Pigafetta, the port

was not in Butuan but an island named
Mazua (MASAWA)
Fr. Bernard studied all the Pigafetta's

maps, which place in Mazau off the
southern tip of the larger island of
Leyte,a check with the modern maps
will
show that this jibes with Limasawa and
not in Masao or Butuan
EVIDENCE OF LIMASAWA
1. The evidence
of Albo’s Log- 2.The Evidence of Pigafetta
Book
A). Pigafetta’s testimony regarding the
route;
B). The evidence of Pigafetta’s map
C). The two native kings
D. )The seven days at "Mazaua."
E). An argument from the omission
EVIDENCE OF LIMASAWA
3. Summarizing the
evidence of Albo
4. Confirmatory evidence
and Pigafetta.
from Legazpi expedition
EVIDENCE OF MASAU
1. The name of the place
2. The route from Homonhon
3. The geographical features
A) the bonfire
B) the balanghai
C) house
D) abundance of gold
E) a developed settlement
In Philippine
The 1872 Cavite mutiny
History, two
major events
happened in
1872:
The martyrdom of the three priests

(Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, Jacinto Zamora)
SPANISH PERSPECTIVE
Cavity Mutiny
Jose Montero y Vidal, a prolific

historian, documented the event
and highlighted it as an attempt
of the Indios to overthrow the
Spanish government in the
Philippines.
Gov. Rafael de Izquierdo's official report

magnified the event and used it to
implicate the native clergy, which was
then active in the call for secularization.
FILIPINO VERSION
Cavity Mutiny
Dr. Trinidad Hermenigildo Pardo

de Tavera, a Filipino Scholar and
researcher, wrote the Filipino
version of the bloody incident in
Cavite from his point of view.
The incident was a mere mutiny by

the Cavite arsenal, who turned out
to be dissatisfied with the removal
of their privileges.
THE RETRACTION OF RIZAL
1935
It was signed by none other than

the National Hero, who declared
in that he was a Catholic and he
wanted to take back everything
he said against the Roman
Catholic Apostolic Church
(Iglesia Katolika Apostolika
Romana)
Cuerpo de Vigilancia consists
of the accounts of :
Collected (1) a Spanish jail guard who

Testimonies overheard Rizal writing a
paper called the
retraction,
(2) the two officials who
allegedly signed the
retraction as witnesses,
and
Father Vicente Balaguerr was said
to be the "only eyewitness "that
night, Rizal wrote the retraction (3) all the people who entered
Rizal’s cell before his
execution.
In his last writings, the recurrence of the word
Collected krus was interpreted as Rizal's desire to die as
Testimonies a Catholic.
On the day he was to be killed. Rizal gave Josephine his copy of Thomas a
Kempi’s De La imitacion de Cristo, on which he wrote, “To my dear
and unhappy wife, Josephine, December 30, 1896, Jose Rizal. ”Not only
would his handwriting in the dedication be used to validate the document, but it
also suggests Rizal’s profession of faith on the day he died.
The Cry of Balintawak
The exact location of the first Cry of the Philippine Revolution is a subject of
contention. Famously known as the Cry of Balintawak, it is also speculated to
have happened in Pugad Lawin.
You can simply impress your

audience and add a unique zing
and appeal to your
Presentations.
Ambeth Ocampo’s Contradictions and Debates
Aside from Balintawak and Pugad Lawin,

people must add the following contenders
on the whereabouts of the first Cry, or
Unang Sigaw; Kangkong, Bahay Toro,
Pasong Tamo, Banat, and more,
depending on which primary source is
cited.
The National Historical Commission’s

proposed date for the start of the
Philippine Revolution is 23th of August
1896. Other proposed dates are 20, 24,
25, and 26 August.
Teodoro Agoncillo said that a general

assembly was called by Andres Bonifacio on
August 24, 1896, in Malabon. The
Katipuneros were in Balintawak on August
19, left for Kangkong on August 21,
proceeded to Pugad Lawin on August 22,
and on August 23, 1896, tore their cedulas
and vowed to fight in the yard of Tandang
Sora’s son.
Guillermo Masangkay, one of the Supremo’s

closest adviser and a general of the
revolutionary army, recounted in an
interview with the Sunday Tribune in 1932
that it was in Balintawak, on August 26,
1896, where the first cry happened.

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UNIT III

”ONE PAST BUT

Antonio Pigafetta was an Italian

1953: The people in Butuan questioned

Limasawa and Masao/ On the ground of this objection, the

Jaime de Veyra stated that the first

Historian Pablo Pastell is stating by

Francisco Albo (pilot of Magellan's

James Robertson concedes with

In the real account of Pigafetta, the port

Fr. Bernard studied all the Pigafetta's

The martyrdom of the three priests

Jose Montero y Vidal, a prolific

Gov. Rafael de Izquierdo's official report

Dr. Trinidad Hermenigildo Pardo

The incident was a mere mutiny by

It was signed by none other than

Collected (1) a Spanish jail guard who

You can simply impress your

Aside from Balintawak and Pugad Lawin,

The National Historical Commission’s

Teodoro Agoncillo said that a general

Guillermo Masangkay, one of the Supremo’s

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