GENDER and DEVELOPMENT

Basic Concepts

Marita Castillo Pimentel

Member
National GAD Resource Pool (Batch 1)
Philippine Commission on Women

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 Flow of discussion
Foundational concepts
• Sex and Gender
• Socialization of power (and
Directional requirements
discrimination)
• Gender mainstreaming
How What
• Manifestations of Gender Bias

(to do GAD) (is GAD)

Why Essential instrumentalities

(implement
GAD) • Compliance to requirements
• Commitment to principles
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Philippine Commission on Women
• Obligations to development
 Foundational Concepts of
GAD

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Philippine Commission on Women
 GENDER and DEVELOPMENT (MCW)
• Development PERSPECTIVE and PROCESS that is
• Participatory and empowering
• Equitable
• Sustainable
• Free from violence
• Respectful of human rights
• Actualization of human potentials
• Seeks to achieve GENDER EQUALITY as a FUNDAMENTAL value that
SHOULD be reflected in development CHOICES
• Contends that women are ACTIVE AGENTS of development
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 “Sex”
- biological differences
between women and men
- permanent and universal. “Gender”
- socially constructed
- social relations between
women and men
- the relationship between
women and men, girls and
boys,
- Gender roles are dynamic and
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Womenchange over time.
 Gender socialization
is the process by
which individuals are
informed about
norms, traditions,
behaviours,
associated in our
assigned sex usually
during our childhood
development
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Philippine Commission on Women
 Agents/Institutions of Socialization

• Manipulation • Religious • Formal • Portrayals • Laws

• Canalization • Narratives • Policies
teachings curriculum
• Verbal • Declaration • Hidden • Images • Commitments
• Actors and Principles
Appellation and curriculum
• Activity • Absent • Decision
interpretations
Exposure of faith based curriculum makers
doctrines
• Institutional
structures and
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symbols
Philippine Commission on Women
 POWER and/in relationships/roles etc.

“Power over”- one’s ability to dominate others, to

make them do what you want.

POWER “Power to” - one’s ability to act on his/her own.

Intellect, resources, and knowledge are among the
sources of such power.

“Power with” - one’s ability to cooperate with others

to accomplish something.

“Power within”- is related to person’s sense of self

worth and self knowledge, it includes the ability to
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women recognize individual differences. It allows people to
recognize their “power to” and “power with”
 Sex Roles and Gender Roles

Sex Roles
General set of expectations attached to
being a man / woman.

Gender Roles
Learned behaviors in a given
society/community, or other special
group, that condition which activities and
responsibilities are perceived as male
and female.
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Philippine Commission on Women
 The world of WORK
Productive Role - Involves producing goods
and services for consumption and trade. (i.e.
paid work)

Reproductive Role - Involves care and maintenance

of the household and its members - including
bearing and caring for children, food preparation,
water, fuel collection, shopping, housekeeping,
family care.(i.e. unpaid work, invisible in the
economy)

Community Role - Involves the collective

organizations of social events and services. Involves
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women considerable volunteer. (i.e. volunteer as “who is
free to attend”)
 Manifestations of Gender Bias
Gender stereotypes

Stereotyping if you say that men are better than women,

Preconceived ideas you're stereotyping all men and all women. If
whereby females and males you say that all women like to cook, you are
are arbitrarily assigned stereotyping women.
characteristics and roles
determined and limited by Sexual orientation stereotypes are also
their gender. common These stereotypes occur when you
have negative views on gays, lesbians, and
transgender individuals. People who have
these negative views are often known as
homophobic.
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
 Manifestations of Gender Bias
Marginalization
Process of pushing a particular group or groups
of people to the edge of society by not allowing
them an active voice, identity, or place in it.

Subordination
Act of giving someone or something
less importance of power.

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Philippine Commission on Women
 Manifestations of Gender Bias
Multiple Burden
A term used to describe the situation of
women who perform paid work outside the
domestic sphere as well as homemaking and
child-care work inside the home. .

 Male spouses with wives working outside localities failed to perform

parental responsibilities due to lack of knowledge on parenting.

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 Gender Based Violence

Unequal power
relationships Any harmful act
GBV involves based on that is
the abuse of socially ascribed perpetrated
gender against a
power.
person’s will.
differences.

Often used interchangeably with the term

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“Violence against women”
Philippine Commission on Women
 Why implement GAD?

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 • GAA: GAD Budget =5%++,
• COA (AOM)
• International :
• CEDAW, BPfA
• MDGs to SDGs
• National :
• PH Constitution, MCW etc (Women as equal partner in
Nation Building)
• PPGD (1995-2025) (Women’s Empowerment and Gender
Equality)
• Ambisyon Natin 2040 (Pamilyang Pilipino:
Matatag,Maginhawa,Panatag
• PDP 2016-2022 (Malasakit, Pagbabago, Patuloy na Pag-
unlad)

• Gender equality
• Participatory governance
• Inclusive growth
National GAD Resource Program • Freedom from hunger and poverty
Philippine Commission on Women 17
• Just and humane society
DEVELOPMENT Development should thus
• increase the availability and widen
• Development aims at the distribution of basic life-
the fulfillment of sustaining
goods…food,shelter,clothing
three basic human • raise levels of living not only in terms
needs: of increased income but also better
• the ability to provide education and greater attention to
for basic necessities; humanistic and cultural values that
• the ability to enhance self-esteem; and
become persons • expand the range of social and
with identity, dignity economic choices of individuals by
and self-esteem; and freeing them from servitude and
• the exercise of dependence not only in relation to
freedom and other people but also from the
responsibility.
National GAD Resource Program forces of ignorance and human
Philippine Commission on Women

misery. (PCW,2005)
Role of Government Agencies
1. Human Development and Poverty Reduction- improve quality of life of people through broad-based
approach in the delivery of services
• Protection of the marginalized and vulnerable sectors; promotion of equal gender opportunities in all
spheres of public policies and programs
2. Participatory Governance-enhance citizen’s participation in gov’tal processes
• (i.e. Empowerment and equal participation in decision making in all levels of governance)
3. Economic Development -on the promotion of rapid, inclusive, and sustained economic growth.
• Deep and wide distribution of economic opportunities, jobs that empower people
• (i.e. Economic opportunities for women, equal value of labor, participation on decision making)
4. Infrastructure- Build, Build,Build for the 10pt socio-econ agenda
• Equitable access to infra services (i.e. Gender sensitive and gender responsive infrastructures)
5. Security, Justice and Peace- preservation of national sovereignty and rule of law, promotion and
protection of human rights
(i.e. Promotion and protection of women’s rights, women’s equal access, opportunities, participation
and decision making in peace processes)
6. Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation-conservation and protection of the natural environment
• GAD
National Inclusive, people-centered, sector wide (i.e. women access to, participation and decision making)
Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
 How do we do GAD in the
PH?

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Philippine Commission on Women
 Gender Mainstreaming
• Gender mainstreaming as the strategy
• Major global strategy for ensuring that the government pursues
gender equality in all aspects of the development process
• Look more comprehensively at the relationships between
men and
women in their access and control over resources,
• Necessitates the transformation of institutional structures, culture
decision making,
and practicesand rewards
and benefits

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 Gender Gender
Gender Gender Gender Gender FAIR/ ACCOUN
BLIND AWARE SENSITIV RESPONSI
VE EQUAL -
E
TABLE

Failure to Ability to view Aim at Being GR is a State of equal Obligation and

recognize the society from understanding perspective that ease of access to responsibility on the
roles and the perspective and taking into requires process resources and part of state
responsibilities of gender roles account the of overcoming opportunities structures and public
of women and and understand societal and historical gender regardless of officials to
men ascribe to how this had cultural factors biases. gender, including • implement gender
or imposed affected involved in GR plans econ, political, mainstreaming
upon by social, women’s needs gender based integrate and cultural and
cultural, exclusion and measures to • achieve gender
in comparison • state of
economic and discrimination in promote GE equality policy
to the needs of valuing
objectives and
political men public and and WE different
• be answerable in
private behaviors, the event of
aspirations failure to meet
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women and needs objectives
 Foundational concepts
• Sex and Gender
• Biological vis a vis social
• Institution of socialization
• power and discrimination
• Manifestations of Gender Bias
• Stereotyping
• Multiple burden
Directional requirements • Marginalization
• Gender mainstreaming • Subordination
• GMEF
• HGDG
How What
• GBV
Essential instrumentalities
• GeRL (to do GAD) (is GAD) • Compliance to requirements
• GAA and COA
• Commitment to principles
• CEDAW to PH CONSTI to MCW,
Why PPGRD
• M/SDGs to Ambisyon to PDPs
(implement
GAD) • Obligations to development
• Empowering
National GAD Resource Program
Philippine Commission on Women
• Inclusive
• Just and Humane
 What should be done?

Nation al GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 MakeitOUR story.

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 Maraming salamat
MARITA CASTILLO PIMENTEL
mcpimentel2018@gmail.co
m
0995.744.9019
0921.820.1737

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women
 1145 J. P. Laurel St., San Miguel, Manila 1005 Philippines
Telephone No. +632.8735.1654 | Facsimile No.
+632.8736.4449
https://www.pcw.gov.ph oed@pcw.gov.ph PCWgovph CommissionOnWomenPH

National GAD Resource Program

Philippine Commission on Women