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    Unit 3 Normalization

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    Sourav mukhopadhyay
    Normalization is a database design technique that organizes tables to reduce redundancy and dependency of data. It divides large tables into smaller tables and links them using relationships to reduce anomalies from data modifications. The goal of normalization is to reduce data redundancy and improve data integrity through structuring data into tables without duplicating or losing information.

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    Unit 3 Normalization

    Uploaded by

    Sourav mukhopadhyay
    50 views157 pages
    Normalization is a database design technique that organizes tables to reduce redundancy and dependency of data. It divides large tables into smaller tables and links them using relationships to reduce anomalies from data modifications. The goal of normalization is to reduce data redundancy and improve data integrity through structuring data into tables without duplicating or losing information.

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    Unit 3 Normalization.ppt

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    Normalization is a database design technique that organizes tables to reduce redundancy and dependency of data. It divides large tables into smaller tables and links them using relationships to reduce anomalies from data modifications. The goal of normalization is to reduce data redundancy and improve data integrity through structuring data into tables without duplicating or losing information.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    50 views157 pages

    Unit 3 Normalization

    Uploaded by

    Sourav mukhopadhyay
    Normalization is a database design technique that organizes tables to reduce redundancy and dependency of data. It divides large tables into smaller tables and links them using relationships to reduce anomalies from data modifications. The goal of normalization is to reduce data redundancy and improve data integrity through structuring data into tables without duplicating or losing information.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 157

    Normalization is a database design technique


    which organizes tables in a manner that
    reduces redundancy and dependency of data.

     It divides larger tables to smaller tables and


    links them using relationships.
     During modification if any of the row missed
    out if any of the data would not get updated
     It will lead to inconsistent data hence data

    redundancy also leads to inconsistency in


    data, as a result of updation anomaly.
     Functional dependency
     Fully functional dependency
     Partial dependency
     Transitive dependency
     Multi-valued dependency
     Trivial functional dependency
     Non-Trivial functional dependency
     Lossy decomposition
     Non-Lossy decomposition(Lossless)
     In simple words Normalization is a systematic way of
    ensuring that a database structure is suitable for general-
    purpose querying and free of certain undesirable
    characteristics—insertion, update, and deletion anomalies—
    that could lead to a loss of data integrity.
     the goal of data normalization is to reduce data redundancy,
    an important consideration for application developers
    because it is incredibly difficult to stores objects in a
    relational database that maintains the same information in
    several places.
     Database normalization is the process of
    restructuring a relational database in
    accordance with a series of so-called
    normal forms in order to reduce data
    redundancy and improve data integrity.
     Normalization is conceptually cleaner and
    easier to maintain and change as your needs
    change.
     ALL other attributes depends upon student_id
    or subject_id except total_marks,total_marks
    depends upon exam_name which is not a part
    of primary key.
     When there is an attribute in a table which

    depends on some non-prime attribute and


    not on prime attribute ,which is termed as
    Transitive dependency.
     AS total_marks depends upon exam_name

    which is a non-prime attribute.


     How to make the table satisfy BCNF?
     Not used practically.
     A relation is in 5 NF if it is in 4NF and not having

    any join dependency and joining is lossless.


     Join dependency exists if we decompose a

    relation R into R1, R2--- Rn and later on if we try


    to join R1, R2---Rn back in any order, we will not
    be able to get the exact R relation.
     Lossless means there should be no loss of tuples

    and there should be no extra tuples also.

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