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Module 2 - Lesson - 4 - How - Fast

This lesson discusses velocity and speed. It defines key terms like average velocity, average speed, and instantaneous velocity. It explains how to calculate average speed from a position-time graph by taking the slope, and how the sign of the slope indicates direction. Instantaneous velocity refers to the speed and direction of an object at a particular moment. Examples are provided to illustrate these concepts and how to use equations of motion to solve problems involving displacement, velocity and time.

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DR-Bassem Fayez
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
11 views

Module 2 - Lesson - 4 - How - Fast

This lesson discusses velocity and speed. It defines key terms like average velocity, average speed, and instantaneous velocity. It explains how to calculate average speed from a position-time graph by taking the slope, and how the sign of the slope indicates direction. Instantaneous velocity refers to the speed and direction of an object at a particular moment. Examples are provided to illustrate these concepts and how to use equations of motion to solve problems involving displacement, velocity and time.

Uploaded by

DR-Bassem Fayez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 4

How Fast?
Focus Question

How do you describe how fast something


is moving?
New Vocabulary

average velocity
average speed
instantaneous velocity
Review Vocabulary

absolute value: a number that is equal in value


to a given real number but is not negative
Velocity and Speed

• Consider the position-time


graph of two joggers.
• The slope of a position-
time graph for an object is
the object’s average
velocity, which is
represented by the
equation:
Velocity and Speed

• The sign of the slope


tells you what
direction the object is
moving.
Velocity and Speed

• The slope’s absolute


value is the object’s
average speed, which
is the distance
traveled divided by
the time taken to
travel that distance.
Velocity and Speed

• The speed and


direction of an
object at a
particular instant is
called the
instantaneous
velocity.
Velocity and Speed

Use with Example Problem 3.


Problem
What is the average velocity of the object
whose motion is represented in this graph?
What is its average speed?

Response
• Select two points on the graph to use to find
the slope.
Equation of Motion

• Recall that a straight line can be represented


by the equation
y = mx + b
• Similarly, a straight line on a position-time
graph can be represented with the equation
Equation of Motion
v  12 m/s west

Use with Example Problem 4.

Problem
A car is initially 6.0 m east of the origin. It
drives west at a speed of 12 m/s. What is its
position after 1.2 s?

x ?
Response
SKETCH AND ANALYZE THE PROBLEM
• Sketch the situation. SOLVE FOR THE UNKNOWN
• List the knowns and unknowns. • Use the relationship between
displacement, velocity, and time.
Quiz
1. How do you find the average speed of an object
from a position-time graph?

A Find the slope between C Find the change in the x


two points on the line. values.

B Find the absolute value D Find the change in the


of the slope of the line. y values.
CORRECT
Quiz
2. What is the speed and direction of an object at a
particular instant of time?

A average velocity
B average speed
C instantaneous velocity CORRECT
D instantaneous speed
Quiz
3. Which is the total distance traveled divided by the
time taken to travel that distance?

A instantaneous speed C average speed


CORRECT

B instantaneous velocity D average velocity


Quiz
4. Heather and
Juanita are
traveling
east. What is
Heather’s
average
speed?

A 3.0 km/h C 2.8 km/h


CORRECT

B 4.8 km/h D 6.0 km/h


Quiz
5. In a mathematical representation of a straight line
on a position-time graph, what quantity is
represented by the y-intercept?

A the time taken C the final position

B the average velocity D the initial position


CORRECT

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