GEAR

GEARS
At the end of the lesson you will be able to:
 Know the types and functions of gears in

engineering.
 Know how to sketch and label the parts of
gears.
 Know how to measure and testing gears
 Learn the method of checking for pitch
diameter and divide of teeth
 Gears are used to transmit power positively
from one shaft to another by engaging teeth
(in two gears).
 They are used in place of belt drives and
other forms of friction drive when exact
speed ratios and power transmission must be
maintained.
 Gears may also be used to increase or
decrease the speed of the driven shaft, thus
decreasing or increasing the torque of the
driven number.
1) Spur gear
2) Internal gears
3) Helical gears
4) Herringbone gears
5) Bevel gears
6) Miter gears
7) Angular bevel gears
8) Hypoid gears
9) Worm and worm gear
10) Rack and pinion gear
 generally used to transmit power
between two parallel shafts.
 The teeth on these gears are
straight and parallel to the shafts to which
they are attached.
 When two gears of different sizes are in
mesh, the larger is called the gear while the
smaller is called the pinion.
 Spur gears are used where slow to moderate-
speed drive are required.
 Used where the shafts are parallel
and the centers must be closer together
and that could be achieved with spur or
helical gearing.
 This arrangement, provides a stronger drive
since there is the greater area of contact
than with the conventional gear drive.
 It also provides speed reductions with a
minimum space requirement.
 Internal gears are used on heavy duty
tractors where much torque is required.
 Used to connect parallel shafts or shafts which
are at an angle.
 Because of the progressive rather than
intermittent action of the teeth, helical gears
run more smoothly and quietly than spur gears.
 Since there is more than one tooth in
engagement at any one time, helical gears are
stronger than spur gears of the same size and
pitch.
 However, special bearing (thrust bearings) are
often required on shafts to overcome the end
thrust produced by these gears as they turn.
 Resembles of two helical gears placed
side by side, with one half having a
left-hand helix and the other half a
right-hand helix.
 These gears have a smooth continuous
action and eliminate the need for
thrust bearings.
 When two shafts are located at an angle with
their axial lines intersecting at 90o, power is
generally transmitted by means of bevel
gears.
 When the shafts are at right angles (90o )

and the gears are of the same size they are
called miter gears
 It is not necessary that the shafts be only
at right angles in order to transmit power.
 If the axes of the shafts intersect at any angle other
than 90° the gears are known as angular bevel gears
 Modified bevel gears having helical
teeth are known as hypoid gears.
 The shafts of these gears, although at right
angles, are not in the same plane and, therefore,
do not intersect.
 Used in automobile drives
 When shafts are at right angles and
considerable reduction in speed is
required, a worm and worm gear may be used.
 The worm, which meshes with the worm gear,
may be single or multiple start thread.
 A worm with a double-start thread will revolve
the worm gear twice as fast as a worm with a
single-start thread and the same pitch.
 When it is necessary to convert
rotary motion to linear motion, a rack and
pinion may be used.
 The rack, which is actually a straight or flat
gear, may have straight teeth to mesh with a
spur gear, or angular teeth to mesh with a
helical gear.
1) Gear-tooth vernier caliper
 The vernier caliper, is an

instrument for measuring
the pitch-line thickness of a
tooth.
 It has two scales and must
be set for the width (w) of
the tooth, and the depth (h)
from the top, at which the
width occurs.
 Inspect an accuracy of the division of
the teeth.
 the curved sides of the gear teeth
touching the straight rack tooth at the
points A and B on the lines of action
 O is the pitch.
* Notice: The plug size remains

the same for all gears having the same
pitch and pressure angle.
2OB
NOTE: The following considerations of gear elements, the symbols below will be
used for the quantities.
T/t = No. of teeth

P = Diametral pitch ( inch gear )
P = Circular pitch
D/d = Diameter of pitch circle
R/r = Radius of pitch circle
Y = pressure angle
M = Modul
Add/A = Addendum
Ded/D = Dedendum
Circular pitch = P x Modul M
 Calculate for a tooth space of a 5 mm module gear with its centre on the pitch circle.
If the gear has 36T, find: (a) Diameter of plug (ɣ = 20˚), (b) Distance over two such
plugs spaced in opposite spaces & (c) Distance over two plugs spaced 10 teeth apart
(a) Diameter of plug = Пm cos ɣ

2
= 5П cos 20˚
2
= 7.854 x 0.9397
= 7.38 mm
(b) Distance over two such plugs spaced in opposite spaces,

= Pitch dia of gear + diameter of plug
Pitch dia of gear = mT

= 5 x 36
= 180 mm
So, 180 mm + 7.38 mm = 187.38mm

(c) Distance over two plugs spaced 10 teeth apart
Angle subtended by 10 teeth = N x 360 = 10 X 360

T 36
In triangle OAB:
AB = OA sin 50o
= 90 x 0.766
= 68.94
Centre distance of plugs = 2 x AB

= 2 x 68.94
= 137.88 mm.
Distance over plugs (10 teeth) = 137.88 + 7.38

= 145.26 mm
R
U
M
U
S
G
E
A
R
1. A spur gear has PD of 60mm and 20 teeth. Calculate:
(a) Modul
(b) Circular Pitch
(c) Addendum
(d) Outside diameter
(e) Dedendum
(f) Whole depth
(g). Cutter number

(a) Modul = PD/N
= 60/20
= 3 mm

(b) CP = M × П
= 3 × 3.1416
= 9.425 mm

(c) Addendum = Modul
= 3 mm

(d) Outside diameter = ( N + 2 ) × M
= 22 × 3
= 66 mm

(e) Dedendum = M × 1.166
= 3 × 1.166
= 3.498 mm

(f) Working depth = Modul × 2.166
= 3 × 2.166
= 6.498 mm

GEAR

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

GEAR

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

GEAR

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

GEARS

At the end of the lesson you will be able to:

 Know the types and functions of gears in

 When the shafts are at right angles (90o )

 The vernier caliper, is an

* Notice: The plug size remains

T/t = No. of teeth

(a) Diameter of plug = Пm cos ɣ

(b) Distance over two such plugs spaced in opposite spaces,

Pitch dia of gear = mT

So, 180 mm + 7.38 mm = 187.38mm

Angle subtended by 10 teeth = N x 360 = 10 X 360

Centre distance of plugs = 2 x AB

Distance over plugs (10 teeth) = 137.88 + 7.38

You might also like