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    Transport Layer Protocol

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    Taste And Food
    TCP provides reliable data transmission through mechanisms like positive acknowledgment and retransmission of lost packets. It is a connection-oriented protocol that establishes logical connections between endpoints using a three-way handshake. TCP delivers data as a continuous byte stream and ensures packets are delivered accurately and in order. UDP is an unreliable, connectionless protocol that provides simple datagram delivery without acknowledgments or guaranteed ordering.

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    Transport Layer Protocol

    Uploaded by

    Taste And Food
    13 views11 pages
    TCP provides reliable data transmission through mechanisms like positive acknowledgment and retransmission of lost packets. It is a connection-oriented protocol that establishes logical connections between endpoints using a three-way handshake. TCP delivers data as a continuous byte stream and ensures packets are delivered accurately and in order. UDP is an unreliable, connectionless protocol that provides simple datagram delivery without acknowledgments or guaranteed ordering.

    Original Description:

    Transmission control protocol

    Original Title

    TCP

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    TCP provides reliable data transmission through mechanisms like positive acknowledgment and retransmission of lost packets. It is a connection-oriented protocol that establishes logical connections between endpoints using a three-way handshake. TCP delivers data as a continuous byte stream and ensures packets are delivered accurately and in order. UDP is an unreliable, connectionless protocol that provides simple datagram delivery without acknowledgments or guaranteed ordering.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    13 views11 pages

    Transport Layer Protocol

    Uploaded by

    Taste And Food
    TCP provides reliable data transmission through mechanisms like positive acknowledgment and retransmission of lost packets. It is a connection-oriented protocol that establishes logical connections between endpoints using a three-way handshake. TCP delivers data as a continuous byte stream and ensures packets are delivered accurately and in order. UDP is an unreliable, connectionless protocol that provides simple datagram delivery without acknowledgments or guaranteed ordering.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    TCP

    Transport Layer Protocol


    Transport Layer

    • The protocol layer just above the Internet Layer is


    the Host-to-Host Transport Layer.
    • This name is usually shortened to Transport Layer.
    The two most important protocols in the Transport
    Layer are Transmission Control Protocol
    (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP).
    Transport Layer
    • TCP provides reliable data delivery service with end-to-end error detection
    and correction. UDP provides low-overhead, connectionless datagram
    delivery service.
    • Both protocols deliver data between the Application Layer and the
    Internet Layer. Applications programmers can choose whichever service is
    more appropriate for their specific applications.
    User Datagram Protocol
    • The User Datagram Protocol gives application programs direct
    access to a datagram delivery service, like the delivery service
    that IP provides. This allows applications to exchange
    messages over the network with a minimum of protocol
    overhead.
    UDP
    • UDP is an unreliable, connectionless datagram protocol. As noted
    previously, unreliable merely means that there are no techniques in the
    protocol for verifying that the data reached the other end of the network
    correctly.
    • Within your computer, UDP will deliver data correctly. UDP uses 16-
    bit Source Port and Destination Port numbers in word 1 of the message
    header, to deliver data to the correct applications process. Figure shows
    the UDP message format.
    Transmission Control Protocol
    • Applications that require the transport protocol to provide
    reliable data delivery use TCP because it verifies that data is
    delivered across the network accurately and in the proper
    sequence.
    • TCP is a reliable, connection-oriented, byte-stream protocol.
    Let’s look at each of the terms—reliable, connection-oriented,
    and byte-stream—in more detail.

    • TCP provides reliability with a mechanism called Positive Acknowledgment with Re-


    transmission (PAR). Simply stated, a system using PAR sends the data again, unless
    it hears from the remote system that the data arrived successfully. The unit of data
    exchanged between cooperating TCP modules is called a segment (see Figure).
    • Each segment contains a checksum that the recipient uses to verify that the data
    is undamaged. If the data segment is received undamaged, the receiver sends
    a positive acknowledgment back to the sender. If the data segment is damaged,
    the receiver discards it. After an appropriate time-out period, the sending TCP
    module re-transmits any segment for which no positive acknowledgment has been
    received.
    Let’s look at each of the terms—reliable, connection-oriented,
    and byte-stream—in more detail.

    • TCP is connection-oriented. It establishes a logical end-to-end connection


    between the two communicating hosts. Control information, called
    a handshake, is exchanged between the two endpoints to establish a
    dialogue before data is transmitted. TCP indicates the control function of a
    segment by setting the appropriate bit in the Flags field in word 4 of
    the segment header.
    • The type of handshake used by TCP is called a three-way
    handshake because three segments are exchanged.
    • Host A begins the connection by sending host B a segment with the Synchronize
    sequence numbers (SYN) bit set. This segment tells host B that A wishes to set up a
    connection, and it tells B what sequence number host A will use as a starting
    number for its segments. (Sequence numbers are used to keep data in the proper
    order.)
    • Host B responds to A with a segment that has the Acknowledgment (ACK) and SYN
    bits set. B’s segment acknowledges the receipt of A’s segment, and
    informs A which Sequence Number host B will start with. Finally, host A sends a
    segment that acknowledges receipt of B’s segment, and transfers the first actual
    data.

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