CCN Lab 2

PAF- KARACHI INSTITUTE OF ECONOMICS & TECHNOLOGY
College Of Engineering
(Department of Electrical Engineering)
EE4414 – Computer Communication Network
Semester: ______________________ Date of Experiment: _____________________

Student name: __________________ Faculty Signature: ______________________
Student ID: ____________________ Remarks/Comments: ____________________
Lab02 INTRODUCTION TO THE IP ADDRESS AND PACKET TRACER INTERFACE USING A HUB
PLO1 – Engineering Knowledge P2 – Model

PLOs Bloom’s Taxonomy
PLO8 – Ethics P2 – Set
LAB TASK PERFORMANCE
Excellent Average Poor
CLO’s Aspects of Assessments Marks
(75-100%) (50-75%) (<50%)
Problem Analysis Apply
knowledge of various routing Properly and appropriately Infer the proper routing protocol
protocols and infer a suitable infer a suitable routing and implement subnetting and Does not able to infer a suitable or
one and understanding IP protocol and implement done that protocol with minor error proper protocol and not able to do
CLO4 addresses and Subnetting. subnetting and it correctly. that will be corrected easily. subnetting and don’t implement it
90% Moreover, to be able to apply Moreover, VALNs and switch Move over, implement VLANs correctly and have no idea how to
appropriate engineering security should be and switch security slightly implement VLANs and switch
techniques to enable switch implemented according to the differ from the required security.
security and VLAN and requirements given in a task. conditions given in a task.
understand the working of hub
Lab Safety Properly handle
CLO6 Properly handle lab equipment Moderate level lab handling Minor or no safety measurements
10%
lab infrastructure/safety
& obey safety measures. and safety measurements has been considered.
precautions
Total Marks: 10
Objective:
• Familiar with IP Address, OSI & TCP/IP Layers and the working of Hub.
IP Address and Subnet Mask:

An IP (Internet Protocol) address uniquely identifies a node or host connection to an IP network. IP
addresses are configured by software and are not hardware specific. An IP address is a 32 bit binary
number usually represented as four fields each representing 8 bit numbers in the range 0 to 255
(sometimes called octets) separated by decimal points.
For example: 150.215.17.9
10010110.11010111.00010001.00001001
An IP address has two components, the network address and the host address. A subnet mask
separates the IP address into the network and host addresses (<network><host>)
A Subnet mask is a 32-bit number that masks an IP address, and divides the IP address into network
address and host address. Subnet Mask is made by setting network bits to all "1"s and setting host bits to
all "0"s.
Class-Full Addressing:
IPv4 addressing used the concept of classes. This architecture is called classful addressing. The address
space is divided into five classes: A, B, C, D, and E. Each class occupies some part of the address space.
We can find the class of an address when given the address in binary notation or dotted-decimal notation.
OSI and TCP/IP Model Layers:
Whether it’s wired or wireless, most data communications today happen by way of packets of
information travelling over one or more networks. But before these networks can work together,
though, they must use a common protocol, or a set of rules for transmitting and receiving these packets
of data.
The OSI Model:
The OSI model consists of seven different layers that are labeled from 1 through 7; Figure
below shows a representation of the OSI model:
TCP/IP Model:
Like the OSI model, the TCP/IP model is layered and is used in the same fashion as the OSI model
but with fewer layers.
Hub:
When referring to a network, a hub is the most basic networking device that connects multiple computers
or other network devices together. Unlike a network switch or router, a network hub has no routing tables
or intelligence on where to send information and broadcasts all network data across each connection. Most
hubs can detect basic network errors such as collisions, but having all information broadcast to multiple
ports can be a security risk and cause bottlenecks. In the past network hubs were popular because they
were much cheaper than a switch and router, but today most switches do not cost much more than a hub
and are a much better solution for any network. HUB is a layer 1 device, (physical layer of OSI model)..
1. Start Packet Tracer and Enter in Simulation Mode and build the following network.
2. Assign IP Address to PCs and Hover on a PC.
3. Click the Simulation icon, to enter simulation mode. Simulation mode allows you to view the
sequence of events associated with the communications between two or more devices. Real – time
mode performs the operation with all of the sequence of events happening at “real time”.
1. PC0 pinging PC1

2. Continue to click on the Capture/Forward button and watch the ICMP Echo Requests and ICMP
Echo Replies. Notice that the hub floods all of the frames out all ports except the port incoming
port.
3. Viewing the frame (Protocol Analyzer): To examine the actual protocols being sent, click on the
colored Info box in the Event List. The Event List shows where this Ethernet Frame is currently,
“At Device”, the previous devices, “Last Device”, and the type of information encapsulated in the
Ethernet Frame, “Info”. Single click on the second event’s Info box to view the Ethernet frame
with the encapsulated IP Packet and the encapsulated ICMP message “At Device” PC0.
The PDU (Protocol Data Unit) is displayed in two different formats, OSI Model and Outbound PDU
Details. View them both, paying particular attention to the Layer 2 Ethernet frame. We will discuss IP
and ICMP later. If you only see the IP packet and the ICMP message, and do not see the Ethernet II
frame, click on the next ICMP Info box. This happened because we are looking at the IP packet before
it got encapsulated into an Ethernet frame.
The default is the OSI Model view with a brief description with what is occurring with this packet.
Click on the Outbound PDU Details tab to see the protocol details including the layer 2 Ethernet frame,
the layer 3 IP packet and ICMP message.
Data is transported over a network by three simple methods i.e. Unicast, Broadcast, and Multicast.
Unicast: from one source to one destination i.e. One-to-One
Broadcast: from one source to all possible destinations i.e. One-to-All
Multicast: from one source to multiple destinations stating an interest in receiving the traffic i.e. One-
to-Many
Lab Task:
1. Build a network using hub and observe its working. (Marks: 5)
Home Task:
1. Find the class of each IP address (Marks: 1)
a. 00000001 00001011 00001011 11101111
b. 11000001 10000011 00011011 11111111
c. 14.23.120.8
d. 252.5.15.111
2. Find the subnet mask of each IP address (Marks: 1)
a. 00001100 00001011 00001011 11101111
b. 11011101 10000011 00011011 11111111
c. 14.23.120.8
d. 252.5.15.111
e. 225.10.100.10
3. Is there any software rather than cisco packet tracer to build computer/device network? Named any 3
of them. (Marks: 1)
4. Give one example of unicast, broadcast and multicast. (Marks: 1)
5. Attach the Printout of Hub based network which is design in lab, Command Prompt window of any
PC and Simulation window.

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PAF- KARACHI INSTITUTE OF ECONOMICS & TECHNOLOGY

(Department of Electrical Engineering)

EE4414 – Computer Communication Network

Semester: __ Date of Experiment: _

PLO1 – Engineering Knowledge P2 – Model

IP Address and Subnet Mask:

1. PC0 pinging PC1

Broadcast: from one source to all possible destinations i.e. One-to-All

b. 11000001 10000011 00011011 11111111

b. 11011101 10000011 00011011 11111111

4. Give one example of unicast, broadcast and multicast. (Marks: 1)

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