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    Leukaemia LP

    Uploaded by

    Piyu Shinde
    1. Leukaemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. It is classified based on the type of blood cell affected (lymphoid or myeloid) and the maturity of the affected cells (acute or chronic). 2. The clinical manifestations of leukaemia depend on the type of leukemic cells and generally include symptoms like fever, weakness, bleeding, organ enlargement, and infections. Diagnosis involves blood tests, bone marrow testing, and other exams. 3. Treatment involves chemotherapy, often in several phases - induction, consolidation, and maintenance. Other approaches may include radiation therapy, stem cell transplantation, and managing symptoms and complications. Nursing care focuses on preventing infections, managing side

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    Leukaemia LP

    Uploaded by

    Piyu Shinde
    23 views27 pages
    1. Leukaemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. It is classified based on the type of blood cell affected (lymphoid or myeloid) and the maturity of the affected cells (acute or chronic). 2. The clinical manifestations of leukaemia depend on the type of leukemic cells and generally include symptoms like fever, weakness, bleeding, organ enlargement, and infections. Diagnosis involves blood tests, bone marrow testing, and other exams. 3. Treatment involves chemotherapy, often in several phases - induction, consolidation, and maintenance. Other approaches may include radiation therapy, stem cell transplantation, and managing symptoms and complications. Nursing care focuses on preventing infections, managing side

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    Leukaemia Lp

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    1. Leukaemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. It is classified based on the type of blood cell affected (lymphoid or myeloid) and the maturity of the affected cells (acute or chronic). 2. The clinical manifestations of leukaemia depend on the type of leukemic cells and generally include symptoms like fever, weakness, bleeding, organ enlargement, and infections. Diagnosis involves blood tests, bone marrow testing, and other exams. 3. Treatment involves chemotherapy, often in several phases - induction, consolidation, and maintenance. Other approaches may include radiation therapy, stem cell transplantation, and managing symptoms and complications. Nursing care focuses on preventing infections, managing side

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    23 views27 pages

    Leukaemia LP

    Uploaded by

    Piyu Shinde
    1. Leukaemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. It is classified based on the type of blood cell affected (lymphoid or myeloid) and the maturity of the affected cells (acute or chronic). 2. The clinical manifestations of leukaemia depend on the type of leukemic cells and generally include symptoms like fever, weakness, bleeding, organ enlargement, and infections. Diagnosis involves blood tests, bone marrow testing, and other exams. 3. Treatment involves chemotherapy, often in several phases - induction, consolidation, and maintenance. Other approaches may include radiation therapy, stem cell transplantation, and managing symptoms and complications. Nursing care focuses on preventing infections, managing side

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 27

    LEUKAEMIA

    Presented by :
    Smt. Priya B. shinde,
    M.Sc. Nursing 1st Year
    D.Y. Patil College of Nursing,
    Kolhapur
    Classification of leukaemia

    Cell type Acute Chronic

    Lymphoid/
    Lymphoblastic / ALL CLL
    Lymphocytic

    Myeloid/
    Myeloblastic/ AML CML
    Myelogenous
    CONT…
    Leukaemia can be classified
    according to predominant cell type
    and level of cell maturity as:
    Lympho: It means leukemia
    involving the lymphoid series.
     Myelo: It means leukemia of
    myeloid (bone marrow origin) series.
    Blastic: It involves immature cells.
    Cytic: It involves mature cells.
    Clinical
    manifestation
     Clinicalpresentations of leukaemia
    depend upon types of leukemic cells.
     The onset is usually acute or insidious.
     The initial manifestations :
     Fever
     Anorexia
    Malaise
    Weakness
    Petechiae
    Purpura
    Ecchymosis
    Bleeding.

    The child may present with
    progressive pallor
    Decreased activity level

    Weight loss and muscle wasting

    The child may complain

    Abdominal pain

    Bone pain

    Joint pain

    Sternal tenderness

    Hepatosplenomegaly

    Hematemesis
    Melena
    Hematuria
    Oral infections
     Excessive bleeding from nose prick or
    minor injury or minor operation like tooth
    extraction may be the first alarming features.
     Rarely lymphadenopathy may found in T-
    cell ALL
    Leukemic transformation of lymphoma.
     Centralnervous system (CNS)
    involvement or meningeal leukemia may
    be manifested
     Headache
     Vomiting
     Drowsiness
    Unconsciousness
    Convulsions
    Cranial nerve involvement
    Papilledema
    Blurred or double vision.
    Diagnostic
    Evaluation
    Physical examination
    History collection
    Laboratory Investigations
    Peripheral blood examination
     Reduced hemoglobin level
     RBC count,
     hematocrit value and platelet count
     WBC count may be decreased, elevated or
    normal.
     Bone marrow study
    Chest X-ray helps to diagnose mediastinal mass.
    CSF study determines - CNS involvement
    Management:
     Chemotherapy:
    1. Induction phase:
    The first phase of treatment is induction
    therapy. The goal of induction therapy is
    to destroy as many cancer cells as
    possible in order to achieve (induce) a
    remission. Typically, initial therapy
    requires a hospital stay of 4 to 6 weeks.
    Drugs used for induction in ALL are
    Prednisolone, vincristine and L-
    asparginase with or without Doxorubicin.
    In AML for Induction drugs like
    Cytarabin (Ara-C) and Daunorubicin are
    used.
    2. Consolidation phase:
    that aims at eradicating any residual
    leukemic cells.
    Treatment is directed at those anatomic sites
    which are protected to some extent from
    systemic chemotherapy like CNS
    (protected by blood-brain barrier) and
    testes (that lie outside the body).
    The therapy usually consists of daily high
    dose radiation treatment for about 2
    weeks or twice a week doses of
    Methotrexate, total of 5-6 injections.
    3. Maintenance therapy
    The goal of maintenance therapy is to
    prevent disease relapse after induction and
    consolidation therapy. therapy are 6-
    mercaptopurine and weekly doses of oral
    Methotrexate. During this phase weekly
    or monthly complete blood count is done,
    to evaluate marrow's response to drugs. If
    WBC count goes below 2000/mm3
    4. Bone marrow transplantation
    Nursing
    Management
    The care plan for the leukemic
    patient should emphasize
    Comfort
    minimize the adverse effects of
    chemotherapy
    promote preservation of veins
    manage complications
    provide teaching and
    psychological support.
    Nursing Assessment
    Health history
    Physical examination
    Laboratory results. 
    Nursing Diagnosis

    Risk
     for infection related to overproduction of immature
    WBCs.
    Risk for impaired skin integrity related to toxic effects of

    chemotherapy, alteration in nutrition, and impaired
    immobility.
    Imbalanced nutrition, less than body requirements, related

    to hypermetabolic state, anorexia, mucositis, pain,
    and nausea.
    Acut pain and discomfort related to mucositis, leukocyte

    infiltration of systemic tissues, fever, and infection.
    Hyperthermia related to tumor lysis or infection.

    Fatigue and activity intolencerelated to anemia, infection,

    and deconditioning.
     
    The major goals for the patient may include:

    Absence of pain.
    Attainment and maintenance of adequate
    nutrition.
    Activity tolerance.
    Ability to provide self-care and to cope
    with the diagnosis and prognosis.
    Positive body image.
    Nursing Interventions
    Education
    Infection. 
    Bleeding. 
    Promote good nutrition. 
    Rehabilitation. 
    Mningeal leukemia
     Hyperuricemia. 
    Infection control. 
    Skincare. 
    Constipation
    Mouth ulcers. 
    Psychological support. 
    Management of side effects of
    chemotherapy and problems of
    irradiation
    Nausea and vomiting
    2.Anorexia
    Mucosal ulceration
    . Neuropathy
    Hemorrhagic cystitis
    Alopecia
    Mood changes
    Parental support and guidance
    Nurses should continually guide,
    support and help parents to adjust
    to this disease condition.
    Parents should be encouraged to
    express their feelings, fear, grief
    and concerns. Provide.
    emotional support to the parents
    continuously
    ASSIGNMENT
    Q.1 Short answer question (10
    marks)
    1. Define Leukaemia.
    2. Write types of Leukaemia & clinical
    manifestation of Leukaemia.
    Q.2 Long answer question

    (10 marks)
    1. Explain in brief about the management
    of Leukaemia .

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