Leс3
Leс3
Leс3
• For glulam the reference width is 600 mm and, analogously, for widths
smaller than 600 mm a factor kh should be applied.
Tension parallel to the grain
For long boards under uniaxial tension due consideration should be taken both of the size
effect (length effect) and of the lengthwise variation of the tensile strength.
Tension parallel to the grain
• The following expression shall be satisfied:
σ t ,0,d ≤ f t,0,d
where
σ t ,0,d is the design tensile stress along the grain;
ft,0,d is the design tensile strength along the grain.
Tension perpendicular to the grain
• The lowest strength for timber is in tension perpendicular to
the grain.
σ c ,0,d ≤ f c,0,d
where
σ c ,0,d is the design compressive stress along the grain;
fc,0,d is the design compressive strength along the grain.
• NOTE: When a higher value of kc,90 is used, and contact extends over
the full member width b, the resulting compressive deformation at the
ultimate limit state will be approximately 10 % of the member depth.
Compression perpendicular to the grain
• For a beam member resting on supports (see Figure below), the factor
kc,90 should be calculated from the following expressions:
• When the distance from the edge of a support to the end of a beam a, ≤ h/3:
• At internal supports:
• where:
• l is the contact length in mm;
• h is member depth in mm.
Compression perpendicular to the grain
• For a member with a depth h ≤ 2,5b where a concentrated force with
contact over the full width b of the member is applied to one face
directly over a continuous or discrete support on the opposite face, see
Figure on next slide, the factor kc,90 is given by:
• where:
• lef is the effective length of distribution, in mm;
• l is the contact length, see Figure on next slide, in mm.
Compression perpendicular to the grain
where:
λy and λ rel,y are slenderness ratios corresponding to bending about the y-axis (deflection in the
z-direction);
λ z and λ rel,z are slenderness ratios corresponding to bending about the z-axis;
E0,05 is the fifth percentile value of the modulus of elasticity parallel to the grain.
Slenderness. Recall
The slenderness ratio is defined as the effective buckling length of the member,
le, divided by the radius of gyration, i, of the cross section:
Effective buckling length l e for different end conditions. l is actual column length.
Columns subjected to either compression
or combined compression and bending
• Where both λ rel,z ≤ 0,3 and λ rel,y ≤ 0,3 the member is “short”, thus the stresses
should satisfy the expressions :
• In all other cases the stresses, which will be increased due to deflection,
should satisfy the following expressions:
Columns subjected to either compression
or combined compression and bending
The symbols are defined as follows:
where:
bc is a factor for members within the
straightness limits:
0,2 for solid timber
0,1 for glued laminated timber and LVL