Prelim Lecture Chapter 3

TENSION MEMBERS
Presented by:
Engr. Kristelle Ann V. Ginez, MECE
1 2 3
Tensile Strength Effective Area Staggered
Fasteners
4 5
Block Shears Design Tension
Members
Bolted and Riveted Connection
Bolted Connection
Shear Connection
Possible Modes of failure of Bolted Connection
1
Tensile Strength
Introduction
Circular rods and rolled angle shapes are
frequently used.
Built-up shapes, either from plates, rolled
shapes, or a combination of plates and
rolled shapes, are sometimes used when
large loads must be resisted. The most
common built-up configuration is probably
the double-angle section.
Tension Members
are structural elements that are
subjected to axial tensile forces. They
are used in various types of structures
and include truss members, bracing for
buildings and bridges, cables in The stress in an axially loaded
suspended roof systems, and cables in tension member is given by
suspension and cable-stayed bridges.
f=
P - magnitude of the load
A - cross-sectional area (the area
normal to the load)
Tensile Strength
A tension member can fail by reaching one of two limit states: excessive
deformation or rupture (fracture).
To prevent excessive deformation, initiated by yielding,

- load must be small enough that the stress on the gross section is less than
the yield stress, Fy.
To prevent rupture,
- the stress on the net section must be less than the tensile strength, Fu.
In each case, the stress P/A must be less than a limiting stress F
<F
Tensile Strength
The nominal strength in yielding is
Pn = FyAg
and the nominal strength in rupture is

Pn = FuAe
Tensile Strength
Tensile Strength
Tensile Strength
Examples
Examples
Examples
Examples
Examples
2
Effective Area
Effective Area
Of the several factors influencing the performance of a tension member,
the manner in which it is connected is the most important.
Shear lag occurs when some elements of the cross section
are not connected, as when only one leg of an angle is
bolted to a gusset plate
Effective Area
Because shear lag affects both bolted and welded connections, the
effective net area concept applies to both types of connections.
bolted connections
Ae = AnU
welded connections
Ae = AgU
where the reduction factor U
3
Staggered Fasteners
Staggerd Fasteners
If a tension member connection is made with bolts, the net area will be
maximized if the fasteners are placed in a single line. Sometimes space
limitations, such as a limit on dimension, necessitate using more than one
line. If so, the reduction in cross-sectional area is minimized if the
fasteners are arranged in a staggered pattern.
4
Block Shears
Block Shear
For certain connection configurations, a segment or “block” of material at

the end of the member can tear out. For example, the connection of the
single-angle tension member shown in the figure is susceptible to this
phenomenon, called block shear. For the case illustrated, the shaded block
would tend to fail by shear along the longitudinal section ab and by tension
on the transverse section bc.
Block Shear
Figure shows a plate tension member connected

to a gusset plate. In this connection,
block shear could occur in both the gusset plate
and the tension member. For the gusset plate,
tension failure would be along the transverse
section df, and shear failure would occur on two
longitudinal surfaces, de and fg. Block shear
failure in the plate tension member would be
tension on ik and shear on both hi and jk.
Block Shear
Block Shear
5
Design Tension Members
Design of Tension Members
The design of a tension member involves finding a member with adequate gross
and net areas.
a) If the member has a bolted connection, the selection of a suitable cross

section requires an accounting for the area lost because of holes.
b) For a member with a rectangular cross section, the calculations are relatively
straightforward.
c) If a rolled shape is to be used, the area to be deducted cannot be predicted in

advance because the member’s thickness at the location of the holes is not
known.
Design of Tension Members
A secondary consideration in the design of tension members is slenderness.
Slender - If a structural member has a small cross section in relation to its

length. A more precise measure is the slenderness ratio, L/r.
where:
L – member length
r - minimum radius of gyration of the cross-sectional area.
THANKS

Prelim Lecture Chapter 3

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Prelim Lecture Chapter 3

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Prelim Lecture Chapter 3

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

TENSION MEMBERS

To prevent excessive deformation, initiated by yielding,

and the nominal strength in rupture is

For certain connection configurations, a segment or “block” of material at

Figure shows a plate tension member connected

a) If the member has a bolted connection, the selection of a suitable cross

c) If a rolled shape is to be used, the area to be deducted cannot be predicted in

Slender - If a structural member has a small cross section in relation to its

You might also like