INDEX

 INTRODUCTION
 2.WHAT IS ADDICTION
 3.TYPES OF DRUG ABUSE
 4.CAUSES OF ADDICTION
 5.EFFECTS OF ADDICTION
 6.DIAGONISIS OF ADDICTION
 7.THE PROFILE OF FIVE PATIENTS
 8. TREATMENT OF ADDICTION
 9.SCENARIO OF ADDICTION
 10.CONCLUSION
Introduction

 Addiction is one of the biggest disease of the world. More than millions of the
individual are struggling against addiction. It takes away the happiness of the
people by avoiding them to get what they want and many of the people were
also not able to take correct decision . According to the recent studies it has
been found that adolescent are more vulnerable to addiction. Addiction is
that type of diseases whose rehabilitation is very difficult. As we know
prevention is better than cure so we can prevent our self from getting
addicted by not living under peer pressure
WHAT IS DRUG ADDICTION

Addiction is the habitual, physiological, psychological dependence on a substance

or practice which is beyond voluntary control. A person who is habituated to a
substance or a practice, especially a harmful one, is called an addict. Addiction
is a chronic, progressive and sometimes fatal disorder with both genetic and
environmental roots. It manifests as a compulsion that derives an individual to
continue to behave in a way that is harmful to self and loved ones, despite
an intense desire
to halt that behavior . It is a disease of “more”
-an active addict needs an increasing amount of substance to get high and is
unable to cease usage without painful withdrawal symptoms .This is true whether
the addictive substance is a drug or tobacco or alcohol or a behavior .
Medically ,addiction is of three types :Tobacco Addiction, Alcohol Addiction, Drug
Addiction
TYPES OF DRUG ABUSE

Heroin / Hallucinogens
 Cocaine /  Cannabinoid
Crack /  Alcohol
 HEROIN
As a destructive opioid, heroin can lead to seizures, psychosis , and hallucinations when
it is abused.

Heroin injections can also spread diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus and
hepatitis.

This drug is known to cause serious health issues when it is abused
because it interferes with the brain’s receptors.

Once heroin enters the brain, it is converted to morphine and binds rapidly to opioid
receptors

With heroin, the rush is usually accompanied by a warm flushing of the skin, dry mouth,
and a heavy feeling in the extremities

Opioids can depress breathing by changing neurochemical activity in the brain stem,
where automatic body functions such as breathing and heart rate are controlled
COCAINE

 Cocaine is a very dangerous stimulant even when taken insmall amounts.

It induces euphoria, increases bloodpressure, and accelerates the heart rate.
 The drug may lead to fatal strokes or heart attacks for someusers.
 Cocaine, also known as coke, is a strong stimulant mostfrequently used as a
recreational drug.
 Cocaine, also known as coke, is a strong stimulant mostfrequently used as a
recreational drug.
CRACK

 A potent form of cocaine, crack is often smoked and suddenly creates an intense
euphoric sensation for as hort while.
 
 Crack has turned into a problem because it is cheap and easy to buy and use.
Abusing the substance , however, can lead to immediate addiction.
 
 Abusers are also at risk of suffering heart attacks and strokes with every use. Long-
term use can cause liver , kidney, and lung damage.
 
 The short-term physiological effects of cocaine include constricted blood vessels,
dilated pupils, and increased temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure.
 HALLUCINOGENS

Hallucinogens are a class of drugs that cause profound distortion sin a person's
perceptions of reality, otherwise known as hallucinations .

PCP (phencyclidine) and LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) are hallucinogens,
which means that they make users feel, see, and hear things that are not real.

While they experience hallucinations with these drugs , users lose touch with
reality and enter mental states of disconnection.

                                                                                                                  
CANNABINOIDS

 cannabinoids is the most common illegal drug that isabused , and many
people begin using it as are creational drug in social situations.
 
 Continued abuse of marijuana can lead to addiction , and the substance can
affect the physical coordination , memory, and mental functions of users over
time.
 
 In humans, psychoactive cannabinoids produce euphoria , enhancement of
sensory perception, tachycardia , anti nociception , difficulties
in concentration and impairment of memory. The cognitive deficiencies seem
toper sist after withdrawal.
ALCOHOL

 Abusing alcohol can cause psychological, physical, and social problems, and it

can lead to the destruction of relationships, friendships, and marriages.

 Furthermore, alcohol abuse can lead to injury or death to the people around
them while they are under the influence.
 
 Alcohol withdrawal can be fatal because of delirium tremens , which is a
symptom with the potential to trigger heart failure or stroke. Refraining from
drinking also is not easy when it becomes a habit because of mental and
physical issues.
CAUSES OF ADDICTION

 Drug use is often voluntary in the first instance. The development of a full addiction
occurs through a variety of circumstances.
 However, the brain changes during a substance-related disorder in ways that can take a
long time to bring back to a healthy state.
 A person whose brain's reward circuitry has not altered as a result of addiction
experiences positive feelings in relation to generally rewarding behaviors, such
as exercising, being with family, or consuming delicious food.
 These should all make a person feel good Some of the causes of addiction are :-
1.Peer pressure
 2.Stress and depression
 3.Lack of education
 4.Religious rituals
EFFECTS OF ADDICTION
 Liver diseases -the patient has a considerably higher chance of
developing hepatitis, and cirrhosis. Cirrhosis of the liver is an
irreversible and progressive condition
 Heart problems -regular heaving drinking can lead to cardiomyopathy
(damaged heart muscle), heart failure, and stroke
 Menstuction -alcoholism will usually stop menstruation or disrupt it.
 cancer-alcoholics have a much higher risk of developing several
cancers, including cancer of the mouth, oesophagus , liver, colon,
rectum, breast, prostate and pharynx
EFFECT ON LUNGS;
 Drug use can lead to a variety of respiratory problems . Smoking cigarettes,
for example, has been shown to cause bronchitis, emphysema, and lung
cancer. Marijuana smoke can also cause respiratory problems, including
chronic bronchitis . Smoking crack cocaine can also cause lung damage and
severe respiratory problems. The use of some drugs, such as opioids, may
cause breathing to slow, block air from entering the lungs, or make asthma
symptoms worse
EFFECT ON BRAIN

 Drugs interfere with the way neurons send, receive, and process signals via
neurotransmitters. Some drugs, such as marijuana and heroin, can activate
neurons because their chemical structure mimics that of a natural
neurotransmitter in the body. This allows the drugs to attach onto and
activate the neurons . Although these drugs mimic the brain's own chemicals,
they don't activate neurons in the same way as a natural neurotransmitter,
and they lead to abnormal messages being sent through the network
 Other drugs, such as amphetamine or cocaine, can cause the neurons to
release abnormally large amounts of natural neurotransmitters or prevent the
normal recycling of these brain chemicals by interfering with transporters.
PREVENTION AND CONTROL

 “Prevention is better than cure” is also true here. Tobacco, drug/alcohol abuse are
more during
 young age and adolescence. The remedial measure should be taken in time. The
following measures would be particularly useful for prevention and control of alcohol
and addiction during adolescents.
 1.Avoid undue Peer pressure.
 2.Education and counselling.
 3.Seeking help from parents and peers.
 4.Looking for Danger Signs.
 5.Seeking Professional and Medical helps.
DIGNOSIS OF ADDICTION

 Blood test or imaging scan can determine whether somebody is addicted to drug
or alcohol or smoking, and to what degree . Blood test -this may be ordered to
determine whether the substance is still in the blood (whether the substance has
been taken recently). It is not used to diagnose addiction . A GP (general
practitioner, primary care physician) can help the patient determine their degree
of dependence by asking pertinent questions, or using a specific questionnaire.
 Although there's no cure for drug addiction, treatment options explained below
can help you overcome an addiction and stay drug-free. Your treatment depends
on the drug used and any related medical or mental health disorders you may
have. Long-term follow-up is important to prevent relapse.
 CASE STUDY

Case no: 1
Patient name: Sofia Akhtar Age
: 65 Type: T2DMGender: Female Date of admission: 22/12/15Comments:
After I am started having T2DM, my life has totally changed
. I am the first person
to have diabetes in my f
Case no: 2
Patient name: Mrs. Neha Das
Age: 40
 Type: T1DM
Gender: Female/ Date of admission: 22/12/15Comments
: I am middle aged house wife and I have lots of difficulties to tackle this disease due to weakness
. I cannot meet the common need of my family, and some time
I become unconsciousness and
my family gets worried. Recently my husband spends lots of
money for this disease but I didn’t get any such good result.
                                                                                                    

Family. At the onset of this disease

I felt very much weakness and hunger
TREATMENT AND ADDICTION
 Do-it-yourself -experts say about 30% of people with an alcohol problem
manage to reduce their drinking or abstain without seeking professional help.
There is a great deal of material in books and the internet that may help the
self-helper.
 Counselling -a qualified counsellor can help the alcoholictalk through his/her
problems and then devise a plan to tackle the drinking. CBT (cognitive
behavioral therapy) is commonly used to treat alcohol dependency.
 Detoxification -the patient takes some medication toprevent withdrawal
symptoms (delirium tremens) which many alcoholics experience when they
give up drinking
SCENARIO OF DRUG ADDICTION
COCLUSION

 Drug use and addiction cause a lot of disease and disability in the world.
 Recent advances in neuroscience may help improve policies to reduce the
harm that the use of tobacco , alcohol, and other psychoactive drugs act on
society.
 This report is concerned with the implications of drug use for workplace safety
and productivity . It examines the prevalence of alcohol and other drug use by
the U.S. workforce, the impact of such use on job-related behavior, and the
effectiveness of work place drug intervention programs.
 
 This emphasis on workplace productivity rather than social consequences
affects the purpose, methods, and evaluation criteria used in this report, just
as it often affect searchers investigating these issues
BIBLIOGRAPHY

 Special thanks to the following source: -

 Internet (Wikipedia)
 NCERT biology class XII
 Some diabetic patient
 Online library