Wa0001.

INTRODUCTION
Addiction is one of the biggest disease of the

world. More than millions of the individual
are struggling against addiction. It takes
away the happiness of the people by avoiding
them to get what they want and many of the
people were also not able to take correct
decision. According to the recent studies it
has been found that adolescent are more
vulnerable to addiction. Addiction is that type
of diseases whose rehabilitation is very
difficult. As we know prevention is better than
cure so we can prevent our self from getting
addicted by not living under peer pressure.
WHAT IS DRUG ADDICTION
Addiction is the habitual, physiological,

psychological dependence on a substance or
practice which is beyond voluntary control. A
person who is habituated to a substance or a
practice, especially a harmful one, is called
an addict. Addiction is a chronic, progressive
and sometimes fatal Z disorder with
both genetic and environmental roots.
It manifests as a compulsion that derives an
individual to continue to behave in a way that
is harmful to self and loved ones, despite
an intense desire to halt that behaviour. It is
a disease of “more”-an active addict needs an
increasing amount of substance to get high
and is unable to cease usage without painful
withdrawal symptoms. This is true whether
the addictive substance is a drug or tobacco
or alcohol or a behaviour. Medically,
addiction is of three types : Tobacco
Addiction, Alcohol Addiction, Drug Addiction.
TYPES OF DRUS ABUSE
❖ HEROIN
❖ COCAINE
❖ CRACK
❖ HALLUCINOGENS
❖ CANNABINOIDS
❖ ALCOHOL
HEROIN
As a destructive opioid, heroin can lead to seizures,
psychosis, and hallucinations when it is abused.
Heroin injections can also spread diseases such as
human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis.
This drug is known to cause serious health issues when
it is abused because it interferes with the brain’s
receptors.
Once heroin enters the brain, it is converted to
morphine and binds rapidly to opioid receptors.
Heroin commonly called smack is chemically
diacetylmorphine which is a white, odourless, bitter
crystalline compound.
Opioids can depress breathing by changing
neurochemical activity in the brain stem, where
automatic body functions such as breathing and heart
rate are controlled.
COCAINE
Cocaine is a very dangerous stimulant even when
taken in small amounts. It induces euphoria,
increases blood pressure, and accelerates the
heart rate.
The drug may lead to fatal strokes or heart
attacks for some users. Cocaine, also known as
coke, is a strong stimulant most frequently used
as a recreational drug.
Cocaine, also known as coke, is a strong stimulant
most frequently used as a recreational drugs.
Cocaine has a small number of accepted medical
uses such as numbing and decreasing bleeding
during nasal surgery. It is commonly snorted,
inhaled as smoke, or dissolved and injected into a
vein.
CRACK
A potent form of cocaine, crack is often smoked
and suddenly creates an intense euphoric
sensation for a short while.
Crack has turned into a problem because it is
cheap and easy to buy and use. Abusing the
substance, however, can lead to immediate
addiction.
Abusers are also at risk of suffering heart attacks
and strokes with every use. Long-term use can
cause liver, kidney, and lung damage.
The short-term physiological effects of cocaine
include constricted blood vessels, dilated
pupils, and increased temperature, heart rate, and
blood pressure.
HALLUCINOGENS
Hallucinogens are a class of drugs that cause
profound distortions in a person's perceptions of
reality, otherwise known as hallucinations.
PCP (phencyclidine) and LSD (lysergic acid
diethylamide) are hallucinogens, which means that
they make users feel, see, and hear things that
are not real.
While they experience hallucinations with these
drugs, users lose touch with reality and enter
mental states of disconnection.
Atropa belladona and datura also contain
hallucinogenic properties.
CANNABINOIDS
cannabinoids is the most common illegal drug that is
abused, and many people begin using it as are
creational drug in social situation
Continued abuse of marijuana can lead to addiction,
and the substance can affect the physical coordination,
memory, and mental functions of users over time.
In humans, psychoactive cannabinoids produce
euphoria, enhancement of sensory perception,
tachycardia, antinociception, difficulties
in concentration and impairment of memory. The
cognitive deficiencies seem to persist after withdrawal.
Although there are studies that show potential benefits
from Cannabinoids, there are many side effects from
taking the drug. This shows that an addiction to this
natural drug can be hazardous.
ALCOHOL
Abusing alcohol can cause psychological,
physical, and social problems, and it can
lead to the destruction of relationships,
friendships, and marriages.
Furthermore, alcohol abuse can lead to
injury or death to the people around them
while they are under the influence.
Alcohol withdrawal can be fatal because
of delirium tremens, which is a symptom
with the potential to trigger heart failure
or stroke. Refraining from drinking also
is not easy when it becomes a habit
because of mental and physical issues.
The liver is an organ which helps break
down and remove harmful substances
from your body, including alcohol. Long-
term alcohol use interferes with this
process. It also increases your risk for
chronic liver inflammation and
liver disease.
CAUSES OF DRUG ADDICTIONS
1. Curiosity: Frequent references to drugs by

public media create curiosity for having a
personal experience of the drugs.
2. Friend’s pressure: Frequent appreciation of
drug experience by friends allures others to start
the use of drugs.
3. Frustration and Depression: Some people start
taking drugs to get relief from frustration and
depression.
4. Desire for More Work: Students sometimes take
drugs to keep awake the whole night to prepare
for examination. It is not desirable as it may cause
mental breakdown.
5. Relief from Pain: A prolonged use of pain-
relieving drugs with physician’s advice at times
leads to addiction.
6. Family History: Children may take to drugs by
seeing their elders in the family.
7. Excitement and Adventure: The young take to
drugs to satisfy their instinct for excitement and
adventure.
EFFECTS OF DRUG ADDICTION
• Fatigue-the patient is tired most of the time.

• Memory loss-especially the patient's short-term
memory.
• Eye muscles -the eye muscles can become
significant by weaker.
• Liver diseases -the patient has a considerably
higher chance of developing hepatitis, and
cirrhosis. Cirrhosis of the liver is an irreversible
and progressive condition
• Heart problems -regular heaving drinking can
lead to cardiomyopathy (damaged heart muscle),
heart failure, and stroke.
• Menstruation-alcoholism will usually
stop menstruation or disrupt it.
• Cancer-alcoholics have a much higher risk of
developing several cancers, including cancer of
the mouth, oesophagus, liver, colon, rectum,
breast, prostate and pharynx.
• Suicide-suicide rates among people who
are alcohol-dependent or who abuse alcohol are
much higher than among other people.
EFFECTS ON LUNGS
Drug use can lead to a variety of respiratory problems.
Smoking cigarettes, for example, has been shown to
cause bronchitis, emphysema, and lung cancer.
Marijuana smoke can also cause respiratory problems,
including chronic bronchitis. Smoking crack cocaine can
also cause lung damage and severe respiratory
problems. The use of some drugs, such as opioids, may
cause breathing to slow, block air from entering the
lungs, or make asthma symptoms worse.
EFFECT ON BRAIN
Drugs interfere with the way neurons send, receive, and
process signals via neurotransmitters. Some drugs, such
as marijuana and heroin, can activate neurons because
their chemical structure mimics that of a natural
neurotransmitter in the body. This allows the drugs to
attach onto and activate the neurons. Although these
drugs mimic the brain's own chemicals, they don't
activate neurons in the same way as a natural
neurotransmitter, and they lead to abnormal messages
being sent through the network. Other drugs, such as
amphetamine or cocaine, can cause the neurons to
release abnormally large amounts of natural
neurotransmitters or prevent the normal recycling of
these brain chemicals by interfering with transporters.
PREVENTION AND CONTROLS
“Prevention is better than cure” is also true here.
Tobacco, drug/alcohol abuse are more during
young age and adolescence. The remedial
measure should be taken in time.
The following measures would be particularly
useful for prevention and control of alcohol and
addiction during adolescents.
1. Avoid undue Peer pressure.
2.Education and counselling.
3.Seeking help from parents and peers.
4.Looking for Danger Signs.
5.Seeking Professional and Medical helps.
CONCLUSION
Drug use and addiction cause a lot of
disease and disability in the world.
Recent advances in neuroscience may
help improve policies to reduce the harm
that the use of tobacco, alcohol, and
other psychoactive drugs act on society.
This report is concerned with the
implications of drug use for workplace
safety and productivity. It examines the
prevalence of alcohol and other drug use
by the U.S. workforce, the impact of such
use on job-related behavior and the
effectiveness of workplace drug
intervention programs.
This emphasis on workplace productivity
rather than social consequences affects
the purpose, methods, and evaluation
criteria used in this report, just as it often
affects researchers investigating these
issues.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. INTERNET[WIKIPEDIA]
2. NCERT BIOLOGY CLASS XII
3. WWW.SLIDESHARE.COM
4. WWW.BYZUS.COM
5. AND SOME OTHER ONLINE LIBRARY

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INTRODUCTION

Addiction is one of the biggest disease of the

Addiction is the habitual, physiological,

1. Curiosity: Frequent references to drugs by

• Fatigue-the patient is tired most of the time.

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