2023-2024

Bridgewell Global
School

BIOLOGY INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT

TOPIC- DRUG ADDICTION

SUBMITTED BY-
SUBHANKAR PRIYARANJAN KHILAR

SUBMITTED TO-
DEBASMITA MAHARANA MAM
 ACKNOWLEDGEMEN
T
I have taken efforts in this project. However it would
not be possible without the kind of support and help of
many individuals. I would like to express my special
thanks of gratitude to our biology mam Miss
Debasmita Maharana and our principal Mr. Deepak
Kumar Mohapatra who gave me the golden
opportunity to do this wonderful project which also
helped me in doing a lot of research and I came to
know about so many things. .

I would also like to thank my parents and friends for

their encouragement which helped me in the
completion of this project.

Subhankar Priyaranjan Khilar

Class-XII
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this "Biology Investigatory
Project" on the topic "Drug Addiction" has been
successfully completed by Subhankar Priyaranjan
Khilar of Std-XII under the guidance of Miss.
Debasmita Maharana in particular fulfillment of the
curriculum of Central Board of Secondary Education.

Signature of Internal

Signature of External

Signature of Principal
 INDEX
1. INTRODUCTION.

2. WHAT IS ADDICTION ?

3. HOW DOES DRUG ADDICTION.

4. EFFECT OF ADDICTION.

5. CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS

6. COMBINATION OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL.

7. CASE STUDY.

8. PREVENTION OF ADDICTION.

9. TREATMENT OF ADDICTION.

10. CONCLUSION

11. BIBLOGRAPHY
 INTRODUCTION
Addiction is on of the biggest disease of the world.
More than millions of the individual are struggling
against addiction. It takes away the happiness of
the people by avoiding them to get what they want
and many of the people were also not able to take
correct decision. According to the recent studies it
has been found that adolescent are more vulnerable
to addiction. Addiction is that type of diseases
whose rehabilition is very difficult. As we know
prevention is better than cure, so we can prevent
our self from getting addicted by not living
under peer pressure.
 WHAT IS DRUG
ADDICTION
Addiction is the habitual, physiological, psychological
dependence on a substance or practice which is
beyond voluntary control. A person who is habituated
to a substance or a practice, especially a harmful
one, is called an addict. Addiction is a chronic,
progressive and sometimes fatal disorder with both
genetic and environmental roots. It manifests as a
compulsion that is harmful to self and loved ones,
despite an intense desire to half that behaviour . It is
a disease of "more"- an active addict needs an
increasing amount of substance to get high and is
unable to cease usage without painful withdrawal
symptoms.
This is true whether the addictive substance is a
drug or tobacco or alcohol or a behaviour . Medically,
addiction is of three types: Tobacco Addiction,
Alcohol Addiction, Drug Addition.
 How does drug addiction
begin?
There are many factors that lead people to drug
addiction.

1. Curiosity Frequent references to drugs by public

media create curiosity for having a personal
experience of the drugs.
2. Friend's pressure: Frequent appreciation of drug
experience by friends allures others to start the use
of drugs.
3. Frustration and Depression: Some people start taking
drugs to get relief from frustration and depression.
4. The desire for More Work: Students sometimes take
drugs to keep awake the whole night to prepare for
the examination. It is not desirable as it may cause a
mental breakdown.
5. Looking for a Different World: A wrong notion that the
drugs open up a new world tempts some young octets
to start taking-drugs.
6. Relief from pain: A prolonged use of pain-relieving
drugs with physician's advice at times leads to
addiction.
7. Family History: Children may take to drugs by seeing
their elders in the family.
8. Excitement and Adventure: The young take to drugs to
satisfy their instinct for excitement and adventure.
 EFFECTS OF
ADDICTION
Fatigue-the patient is tired of the time.
 Memory loss-especially the patient's short-term
memory.
Eye muscle-the eye muscle can become
significantly weaker.
 Liver diseases-the patient has a considerably
higher chance of developing hepatitis and cirrhosis.
Cirrhosis of the liver is an irreversible and progressive
condition.
 Heart problems - regural heaving drinking can lead
to cardiomyopathy (damaged heart muscle), heart
failure and stroke.
 Menstruation - alcoholism will usually stop
menstruation or disrupt it.
 Cancer-alcoholics have a much higher risk of
developing several cancers, including cancer of the
mouth. Osophagus, liver,colon, rectum, breast,
prostate and pharynx.
 Suicide suicide rates among people who are
alcohol- dependent or who abuse alcohol are much
higher than among other people.
 CLASSIFICATION OF
DRUGS
There are large numbers of drugs on which people
become dependent. These are classifies into four
major groups: sedatives and tranquilizers, opiate
narcotics, stimulations and hallucinogens.
 TYPES OF DRUG ABUSE
1.Heroin
2.Cocaine
3. Crack
4. Hallucinogens
5. Cannabinoid
6. Alcohol

HEROIN
 As a destructive opioid, heroin can lead to seizures,
psychosis, and hallucinations when it is abused.
 Heroin injections can also spread disease such as human
immuno deficiency virus and hepatitis.
 This drug is known to cause serious health issues when it
is abused because it interferes with the brain's receptors.
 Once heroin enters the brains, it is converted to morphine
andbinds rapidly to opioid receptors.
 With heroin, the rush is usually accompanied by a warm
flushing of the skin, dry mouth, and heavy feeling in the
extremities.
 Opioids can depress breathing by changing neuro chemical
activity in the brain stem, where automatic body functions
such as breathing and heart rate are controlled.
 COCAINE
• Cocaine is a very dangerous stimulant even when taken
in small amounts. It induces euphoria, increase blood
pressure, and accelerates the heart rate.

• The drug may lead to fatal strokes or heart attacks for

some users.

• Cocaine, also known as coke, is a strong stimulant

most frequently used as a recreational drug. Cocaine
also known as coke, is a strong stimulant, most
frequently used as a recreational drug.

• Cocaine has a small number of accepted medical users

such as numbing and decreasing bleeding during nasal
surgery.

*It is commonly snorted, inhaled as smoke, or dissolved

and injected into a vein.
 CRACK
• A potent form of cocane, crack is often smoked and
suddenly creates an intense euphoric sensation for a
short while.

• Crack has turned into a problem because it is cheap

and easy to buy and use. Abusing the substance,
however, can lead to immediate addiction.

• Abusers are also at risk of suffering heart attacks and

strokes with every use. Long-term use can cause liver,
kidney and lung damage.

• The short-term physiological effects of cocaine

includes constricted blood vessels, dilated pupils', and
increased temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure.
 HALLUCINOGENS
• Hallucinogens are a class of drugs that cause
profound distortions in a parsons perceptions of
reality, otherwise known as hallucinations.

• PCP (phencyclidine) and LSD (lysergic acid

diethylamide) are hallucinogens, which means that
they make users feel,see,and hear things that are
not real.

• While they experience hallucinations with these

drugs, users lose touch with reality and enter mental
states of disconnection.

• Atropa belladonna and datura also contain

hallucinogenic properties.
 CANNABINOIDS
• Cannabinoids is the most common illegal drug that
is abused and many people begin using it as a
recreational drug in social situations.

• Continued abuse of marijuana can lead to addiction

and the substance can affect the physical
coordination, memory and mental functions of users
over time.

*In humans psychoactive cannabinoids produce

euphoria, enhancement of sensory perception,
tachycardia, antinociception, difficulties in
concentration seem to persist after withdrawal.

• Although there are studies that show potential

benefits from cannabinoids, there are many side
effects from taking the drug. This shows an addiction
to this natural drug can be hazardous.
 ALCOHOLS
 Abusing alcohol can cause psychological, physical,
and social problems, and it can lead to the destruction
of relationships, friendships, and marriages.

Furthermore, alcohol abuse can lead to injury or

death to the people around them while they are under
the influence .

Alcohol withdrawal can be fatal because of delirium

tremens, which is a symptom with the potential to
triggerheat failure or stroke Refraining from drinking
also is noteasy when it becomes a habit because of
mental andphysical issues.

The liver is an organ which helps break down and

remove harmful substances from your body, including
alcohol. Long- term alcohol use interferes with this
process. It also increases your risk for chronic liver
inflammation and liver disease.
 Combinations of Drugs
and Alcohol
Some addicts use mixtures of drugs to have
immediate 'kid' or 'charge' simultaneous use of drug
and alcohol may produce dangerous effect,
including death. When barbiturates and alcohol are
taken together. each doubles the effect of the
other. A mixture of cocaine and heroin called
speedball gives a spontaneous kick of cocaine and
prolonged pleasure of heroin.
 CASE STUDY
The victim in this case is a young man named jack.
Though he is 24 years of age, he looks like a man of
40 years. Firstly his friend introduced him to drugs as
a means of enjoyment. Gradually he became
addicted. He started with 'ganja'. He sometimes
changes his drugs to meet his satisfaction level. He
changes one after another from 'ganja', 'wine' to
'phensedyl'. Now he is full addicted to 'phensedyl' for
4.5 years , and has to the it four times in a
day .without having it he can't do anything .He spends
Rs 300-500 every day for drug purpose. For the excess
money, sometimes he takes loan from friends or steals
his own household materials. He collects drug from
the local spots or a particular person. On physical
examination he was uncleanness, anxious looking and
irritated. Speech was slowed .Physique was lean and
emaciated. Mild anemia and jaundice was present.
Nothing abnormality was detected in heart,
lungs and kidneys.
 PREVENTION AND
CONTROL
"Prevention is better than cure" is also true here .
Tobacco, drug/alcohol abuse are more during young
age and adolescence. The remedial measure should be
taken in time. The following measures would be
particularly useful for prevention and control of alcohol
and addiction during adolescents.

1. Avoid undue peer pressure.

2. Education and counseling.

3. Seeking help from parents and peers.

4. Looking for danger signs.

5. Seeking professional and medical helps.

 TREATMENT OF
ADDICTION
Do it yourself say about 30% of people with an
alcohol problem manage to reduce their drinking or
abstain without seeking professional help. There is a
great deal of material in books and the internet that
may help the self-helper.

Counseling -a qualified counselor can help the

alcoholic talk through his/her problems and then
advice a plan to tackle the drinking. CBT (cognitive
behavioral therapy) is commonly used to treat
alcohol dependency.

Detoxification-the patients take some medication to

prevent withdrawal symptoms (delirium tremens)
which many alcoholics experience when they
give up drinking.
 CONCLUSION
•Drug use and addiction cause a lot of disease and
disability in the world.

•Recent advance in neuroscience may help improve

policies to reduce the harm that the use of tobacco,
alcohol, and other psychoactive drugs act on
society.

•This report is concerned with the implications of

drug use for workplace safety and productivity . it
examines the prevalence of alcohol and other drug
use by the U.S. work force, the impact of such use
on job related behavior, and the effectiveness of
workplace drug intervention programs.

• This emphasis on workplace productivity rather

than social consequence affects the purpose,
methods, and evaluation criteria used in this
report. Just as it often affects researchers
investigating these issues.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

NCERT Biology class XII

 www.wikipedia.com

 www.scribd.com

 www.slideshare.net