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 CONCEPT OF
SELF:

MODU Understanding
and Enhancing
One’s Self-image

LE 8:
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 Module
8
Reporter
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s
 Learning
Define self-image and discuss other related concepts;

Outcomes…
 Analyze one’s characteristics and abilities and
explain how these could be used to enhance self-
image;

 Identify the “low” or “negative aspects of the self

and determine how these can be improved;

 Discuss the different ways to enhance one’s self-

image; and
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 Explain how one’s abilities and an enhanced self

will lead to self-fulfillment.
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 CONCEPTS
RELATED
TO SELF
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 Self-
theory
● This theory is regarded as humanistic and is a
move towards recognizing human potential for
psychological growth.

● The SELF is made up of many self-perceptions,

abilities and personality characteristics that are
organized and consistent with one another
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 Carl Rogers

● Proponent of the self-theory

● He focused on the growth potential of

healthy individuals and greatly
contributed to our understanding of the
self & personality.
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 Self- concept
● refers to how people see or describe themselves
(Plotnik and Kouyoumdjan, 2014).
● It is the subjective perception of who people are and
what they are like or THE PERSON I THINK I AM
OR THE PERSON I WISH TO BE (ROGERS, 1953).
● contends that self-concept plays an important role in
personality because it influences human behaviors,
feelings and thoughts. (Rogers 1953).
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 Positive Self- Negative Self-
Concept Concept
- act, feel and think -behave, think and act with
constructively and pessimism.
optimistically. - They do not believe in their
- they think themselves in a ability to do things or carry
good light. our certain tasks.
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example:
For
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 A positive or negative
self-concept reflects a
dominant or prevailing
trend of positivism or
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negativism in the self.

 Two kinds
of Selves
Real Self & Ideal Self
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 Real Self

-based on a person’s actual experiences and represents how he/she really or sees himself/herself

-One thinks in terms of personal characteristics and abilities.

Ideal Self
-based on one’s hope and wishes
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-how one likes to see himself/herself to be

 The person who knows you best- your abilities,
talents, personality and characteristics – is you!
You know your positive or high points as well
as your negative or low points. Make sure to
maintain or sustain your strengths. Likewise,
strive to improve and change your weaknesses
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or negative points into something positive.

 DISCREPANC
Y IN SELF-
CONCEPT
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 Self- Discrepancy Resolution
Results
● ROGERS (1953) states ● Paying more attention
that there is usually a ● Emotional Discomfort to one’s actual
contradiction or
● Personality Problem experiences
discrepancy between the
● Paying less attention to
real self and the ideal self..
the expectations of
others.
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 POSITIVE
REGARD
● is believed to be important for the healthy development of
one’s self-concept and for successful interpersonal
relationships (Liebert & Spiegler, 1994).
● includes love, sympathy, warmth, acceptance and respect
which people crave from family, friends and other
significant people
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 CONDITIONAL
POSITIVE
REGARD
● refers to positive regard received because of
acceptable behavior or living up to the
expectations and standards of others.
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 UNCONDITIONAL
POSITIVE REGARD
● refers to the love and acceptance received by
a person regardless of who he/she is
or what he/she does.
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SELF- ESTEEM
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 ● PERSONALITY and SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
refer to how a person’s sense of self or self-identity,
relationships with others and skills necessary for
social interactions evolve.
● PERSONAL/SELF IDENTITY explains how people
describe themselves in terms of values, goals, traits
and perceptions unique to them.
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 • level of importance attributed
to oneself and one’s abilities.
One may put a high value or a
low value on his/her worth as a
person.

• In many ways, self esteem

relates to a person’s
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attractiveness and social

competence.
 SELF ACTUALIZATION
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 SELF ACTUALIZATION OR
SELF FULFILLMENT
● a major tenet in humanistic psychology
● The final stage in completed growth
● On the testimony of Plotnik (2014), humans possess an
inner drive to grow, improve and use their potential to the
fullest
● According to Maslow (1943), a self-actualizing person has
reached the highest level or peak of his/her
personal development and has fully realized his/her potential
as human being.
● The self-fulfilled person is generally happy, generous with
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his/her time and effort to help others and strives for the
common good for his/her family, community, country and
even humanity.
 • Abraham Maslow formulated the
hierarchy of needs.

• It explains that individual’s actions are

directed towards goal attainment. The
hierarchy is composed of five stages of
human needs and usually illustrated in a
pyramid figure.

• The levels are sequentially satisfied

according to the most basic needs found at
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the bottom of the pyramid, progressing

onto higher level needs.
 Physiological- breathing, food, water,sex,
sleep, homeostasis, excretion
Safety- security of: body, employmet,
resources, morality, the family, health,
property
Love/ Belonging- friendship, family, sexual
intimacy
Esteem- self- esteem, confidence,
achievement, respect of others, respect by
others
Self- Actualization- morality, creativity,
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spontaneity, problem solving, lack of

prejudice, acceptance of facts
 CHARACTERISTICS OF SELF-
ACTUALIZED PERSONS
1 ● They have reached a high level of moral development and are more concerned with
the welfare of loved ones, friends and humanity in general than themselves. They are
usually committed to some cause or task rather than working for fame or money.

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They focus as well on accomplishing their goals.

●  They are open, honest and have the courage to act on their conversation, even if it
makes them unpopular. Not particularly interested in fads, fashion or social customs.
They enjoy privacy, independence and autonomy. They

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prefer deep, loving relationship with only a few persons.

● They have an accurate, concrete and realistic-rather than a romanticized -view of

people and life and yet they are positive about life.
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● Life is always challenging and fresh to self-actualizing individuals. They are

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natural and spontaneous in their
actions and feelings.
 " I am me
Nothing more,
Nothing less,
And that is
enough"
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 Kamsaha
mnida! Thank
you!
Do you have any
questions?

¡Graci
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as!