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Module 2 - Part III - Updated

A three-phase system with a balanced delta connected source feeding a balanced wye connected load is described. In the delta connected source, the phase voltages are equal to the line voltages. The current in each line of the delta source is then calculated based on the phase voltages and impedances. When transforming the delta source to an equivalent wye connection, the line currents become the phase currents into the wye connected load. The phase currents in the wye load are then calculated based on the phase voltages from the wye source and the impedances of the wye load.

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Dhriti Nayyar
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35 views

Module 2 - Part III - Updated

A three-phase system with a balanced delta connected source feeding a balanced wye connected load is described. In the delta connected source, the phase voltages are equal to the line voltages. The current in each line of the delta source is then calculated based on the phase voltages and impedances. When transforming the delta source to an equivalent wye connection, the line currents become the phase currents into the wye connected load. The phase currents in the wye load are then calculated based on the phase voltages from the wye source and the impedances of the wye load.

Uploaded by

Dhriti Nayyar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Three phase balanced

systems
Single-phase Voltage
The voltage induced by a single coil when rotated in a uniform magnetic field is known as a single-phase
voltage.

03/07/2023 BEEE102L AC CIRCUITS 2


Three phase voltage
• A three-phase supply is generated when three coils are placed 120°
apart and the whole rotated in a uniform magnetic field.

03/07/2023 BEEE102L AC CIRCUITS 3


Star conversion
(i) A star-connected load is shown in Figure where the three line
conductors are each connected to a load and the outlets from the loads
are joined together at N to form what is termed the neutral point or the
star point.
(ii) The voltages, VR, VY and VB are called phase voltages or line to neutral
voltages. Phase voltages are generally denoted by Vp.
(iii) The voltages, VRY, VYB and VBR are called line voltages.
(iv) From Figure it can be seen that the phase currents (generally
denoted by Ip) are equal to their respective line currents I R, IY and IB, i.e.
for a star connection: IL=IP
(v)For a balanced system:

and the current in the neutral conductor, IN = 0 .


When a star-connected system is balanced, then the neutral conductor
is unnecessary
03/07/2023 and is often omitted. BEEE102L AC CIRCUITS 4
• Relation between line voltage and phase voltage

03/07/2023 BEEE102L AC CIRCUITS 5


• The star connection of the three phases of a supply, together with a
neutral conductor, allows the use of two voltages—the phase voltage and
the line voltage.
• A 4-wire system is also used when the load is not balanced.

03/07/2023 BEEE102L AC CIRCUITS 6


Delta Connection
• A delta (or mesh) connected load is
shown in figure where the end of one load
is connected to the start of the next load.
• the line voltages VRY,VYB and VBR are the
respective phase voltages, i.e. for a delta
connection: VL = Vp
• Using Kirchhoff’s current law in figure,
• IR = IRY –IBR = IRY + (- IBR).
• From the phasor diagram, by
trigonometry or by measurement,

03/07/2023 BEEE102L AC CIRCUITS 7


Power in three-phase systems
• For a star connection,

• For a delta connection,

03/07/2023 BEEE102L AC CIRCUITS 8


Measurement of power in three-phase systems
• Power in three-phase loads may be measured by the following methods:
• One-wattmeter method for a balanced load
• Total power = 3 × wattmeter reading

• Two-wattmeter method for balanced or unbalanced loads


• Total power = sum of wattmeter readings = P1 + P2

• Three-wattmeter method for a three-phase, 4-wire system for balanced and unbalanced
loads.
• Total power = P1 + P2 + P3

03/07/2023 BEEE102L AC CIRCUITS 9


• Problem 1. Three loads, each of resistance 30 ohm, are connected in
star to a 415 V, 3-phase supply. Determine (a) the system phase
voltage, (b) the phase current and (c) the line current.
• Problem 4. Three identical capacitors are connected in delta to a 415
V, 50 Hz, 3-phase supply. If the line current is 15 A, determine the
capacitance of each of the capacitors.
• (a) A connection diagram for the two-wattmeter method of power
measurement is shown in Figure for a star-connected load.

However, (eR - eB) is the p.d. across wattmeter 1 and (eY - eB) is the p.d. across wattmeter 2.

Hence total instantaneous power, p = (wattmeter 1 reading) + (wattmeter 2 reading) = p1 + p2 .The


moving systems of the wattmeters are unable to follow the variations which take place at normal
frequencies and they indicate the mean power taken over a cycle. Hence the total power, P= P1 + P2 for
balanced or unbalanced loads.
(b) The phasor diagram for the two-wattmeter method for a balanced
load having a lagging current is shown in Figure, where
Balanced Star and Delta connections
Three-phase voltage sources: (a) Y-connected
source, (b) Delta-connected source

For star
connection

Phase sequences: (a) abc or positive sequence, (b) acb or


negative sequence.

positive sequence
Balanced Wye-Wye Connection
• A balanced Y-Y system is a three-phase system with a balanced Y-
connected source and a balanced Y-connected load

ZY=ZL
Contd..
• Phase voltages:

• Line voltages:
• Line currents :

• Single phase equivalent circuit:


Balanced Wye-Delta Connection—mostly
applied in applications
• A balanced Y- system consists of a balanced Y-connected source
feeding a balanced -connected load.
• Source side :
• Phase voltage:

• Line voltage :
• Phase current:

• Load side:
Single phase equivalent circuit

Note: Please remember the conversion of a star to a delta. If R is the resistance of star
connection , then the equivalent delta resistance is R/3.
Balanced Delta-Delta Connection
• A balanced system is one in which both the balanced source and
balanced load are Delta–connected.

• Source side(Delta connection)


• Phase voltage:

• Assuming no line impedance in source, Line voltages:


• Load side:
• Phase currents:

• In other way, if IAB is known then


IBC = IAB Լ-120

ICA = IAB Լ+120

• If phase currents are known then line current is


Balanced Delta-Wye Connection
• A balanced Delta-Y system consists of a balanced Delta-connected
source feeding a balanced Y-connected load.
• Source side:
• Phase voltage:

• Line current:
• Transforming a delta connected source to star connetion.
Single phase equivalent circuit
• Once the source is transformed to wye, the circuit becomes a wye
wye system.
Summary of phase and line voltages/currents for balanced three-phase systems
calculate the phase and line currents.

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