INDIVIDUAL SPORTS

ATHLETICS
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the students can:
1. Discuss and differentiate styles with the different
categories of Athletics;
2. Perform running stance
3. Distinguish the different facilities and equipment used
in track and field events.
4. Recognize the importance of Athletes for our countries
honor.
INTRODUCTION

Athletics is a type of sports in which athletes

compete in running, walking, jumping and
throwing events. Track events consist of
running and walking races of various distances
such as 100 meter dash, 200 meter dash, 400
meter dash, 800 meter dash and so on.
HISTORY

Running, jumping and throwing have been

sporting activities since the beginning of
history. These skills were used both in hunting
and in war. The ancient Greeks, Persians and
Romans used running as a part of their military
training.
The only event of the Soon, long jumping
first recorded Olympic and javelin throwing
Games (Traditionally were added. These
776 B.C) was a foot race events developed
of approximately 205 naturally from hunting
yards (185 meters). and war.
Foot racing, both sprinting and distance running were
widely popular in England in the latter half of the 18 th
century and the first half of the 19th century. Many of
the competitions were match races among
professionals. Betting was widespread. At the same
time, schools and university activities began to
develop from informal sports days to more organized
competitions.
Training with weights gives athletes greater strength
for throwing, jumping, and even running. New
equipment has raised performance levels. In the high
jump, for example, the use of FOSBURY FLOP adds
about 15 centimeters to most jumps. The style was
named after American high jumper Dick Fosbury, who
introduces it in the late 1960’s.
Traditionally, athletics have been an amateur
sport. However, the rules have been broadened
to allow athletes to receive large sums of
money for endorsing athletic shoes or other
products and for appearing in invitation events.
The opportunity to earn money has increased
the level of competitions.
FOSBURY FLOP
Biggest names in men’s Athletics in the
1980’s:
o Edwin Moses – Hurdler
o Carl Lewis – Sprinter from the United States
o Said Aouita of Morocco and Sebastian Coe of
Great Britain – Distance Runners
o Sergey Bubka of Soviet Union – Pole Vaulter
o Daley Thompson of Great Britain – Decathlon
Athlete
 Biggest names in women’s Athletics in
the 1980’s:

o Marita Koch – sprinter

o Heike Drechsler – sprinter and long jumper from
east Germany
o Florence Griffith Joyner – sprinter
o Jackie Joyner-Kersee – long jumper and heptathlon
from the United States
Lydia de Vega

Asia’s Fastest Woman

for almost a decade
and is a Pride of the
Philippines.
The Track and Field
TRACK
Outdoor running tracks are oval in shape and
usually are laid in a stadium. IAAF rules specify
that an outdoor running track should measure no
less than 400 meters around – and most modern
outdoor tracks are exactly that length.
Older tracks consist of dirt or cinders, but most
new tracks are made of waterproof synthetic
material and can be used in rainy weather.
Synthetic Track
Types of Track

Indoor Tracks Outdoor Tracks

▪ Have wooden or ▪ Divided into 6 or 8
synthetic surfaces, and lanes. IAAF rules state
they usually have that a lane should
banked turns. According
measure from 1.22 to
to IAAF rules, the
1.25 meters in width.
preferred measurement
is 200 meters.
Indoor Tracks
Outdoor Tracks
THE FIELD
Most field events take
place in an area
enclosed by the track.
But in some meetings
one or more throwing
events are held
outside the stadium.
The field includes
runways for the
jumping events.
Track Events
▪ Includes a variety of races.
▪ Short races, called sprints, stress maximum
speed
▪ Distance races require more endurance.
▪ In certain running races, such as Hurdles and
Steeplechase, runners must go over barriers
▪ Relays – involve teams of runners
Running Races
▪ Outdoor track cover distances from 100 meters to
10,000 meters
▪ Indoor, races many measures from 50 meters to
5,000 meters
▪ Cross-country races and road races are run outside
the stadium
▪ Most road races award prize money to the winners
200 METER AND 400 METER DEPARTURE
DEMARCATION LINE
RUNNING STANCE
 HURDLE
Events in which
the competitors
run over obstacles
called hurdles.
Most of these
races have 10
hurdles spaced at
equal intervals

https://youtu.be/FLEpqPW-sAA
 Types of Hurdle Races

Intermediate hurdles High hurdles

▪ 91 centimeters high for men ▪ 107 centimeters high for men

▪ 76 centimeters high for ▪ 84 centimeters high for

women women
▪ Covers 400 meters or 440 ▪ Most outdoor high-hurdle
yards in men’s and women’s races are 110 meters for men
competition. and 100 meters for women
Completed Form (Take-off, Clearance and Landing)
https://youtu.be/FLEpqPW-sAA
THE FIELD EVENTS
▪ Typical field competition consists of four (4)
jumping and four (4) throwing events.

JUMPING EVENT THROWING EVENT

1. Long Jump 1. Discus throw
2. Triple jump 2. Hammer
3. High jump 3. Javelin
4. Pole vault 4. Shot put
Note:

▪ Women do not compete in the pole vault or

hammer throw.
▪ The IAAF do not recognize the women’s triple
jump
JUMPING EVENTS
In the Long Jump and Triple Jump, the
athletes jump as far forward as they can. In
the High Jump and Pole Vault, competitors
leap over a bar as high as possible.
LONG JUMP
▪ Also known as BROAD JUMP, is completed in a
single jump into a pit filled with a sand.
▪ To begin the long jump, the competitor sprints
down a long runway and leaps from a take-off
board.
▪ If the athlete steps past the board before jumping,
the jump is a FOUL.
▪ A jump’s length is measured from the edge of the
take-off board to the nearest mark an athlete makes in
the sand.
▪ When there are many competitors, each one is
allowed jumps
▪ When fewer athletes compete, each one is allowed six
jumps
▪ If two jumpers leap the same distance, the winner is
the one with the next-best jump
https://youtu.be/X7Yx5WbSUww
Triple Jump
▪ Originally called the HOP, STEP and JUMP
▪ Consists of three continuous jumps, the first two
completed in the runway
▪ On the first jump, the athlete takes off one foot and
lands on the same foot
▪ At the end of the Third Jump, the athlete lands on
both feet in a pit of sand
https://youtu.be/EOqOtiL7m6A
https://youtu.be/At7fzSxdiCg
HIGH JUMP
▪ To propel yourself over a long thin crossbar held by
two posts called UPRIGHTS.
▪ The athletes land on a cushion of foam rubber
▪ If the jumper knocks the crossbar off the uprights,
the jump counts as a MISS.
▪ Three (3) consecutive misses eliminate the jumper
▪ The winner is the one who clears the greatest
height
▪ In case of a tie, the winner is the one with the
fewest misses at that height
▪ If still tied, the winner is the one with the fewest
overall misses
a high jumper runs towards the bar from any angle
within a large, semicircular runway
The athlete may use any style of jumping, but
he/she must take off from one foot
In most popular modern style, called Fosbury flop,
Jumpers go over with their back to the bar and their
head clearing first
The Belly Roll or Straddle Style
https://youtu.be/XBtBdNHBNSI
Pole Vault
▪ A pole vaulter uses a long pole usually made o fiberglass
▪ He begins his vault by springing down a runway, carrying
the vault with both hands
▪ As he near the vaulting pit, he rams the far end of the pole
into a wood or metal box embedded up
▪ As the pole straightens, helping to trust him into the air, he
pulls himself higher and turns his body to face the ground
▪ Before he releases the pole, he gives a final push with his
arm to add to his height
https://youtu.be/qWB3oYDFWZc
THROWING EVENTS
▪ Requires the athletes to propel an object as far as
they can
▪ Competitors in the discus, hammer, shot put all
throw from inside a circle
▪ In the discus and hammer events, athletes throw
from an enclosure, called a CAGE, to protect
spectators from the wild throws
▪ In the Javelin event, the athlete runs down a runway
marked on the field and throws the javelin before
reaching a foul line
▪ In each event, the thrown object must land within a
marked area
▪ If two competitors throw the same distance, the tie
is decided by next best show
Discus Throw
▪ A saucer-shaped object usually made of wood with a
metal rim
▪ The men’s discuss measures about 22 centimeters in
diameter and weights at least 2 kilograms
▪ The women’s discuss measures about 18 centimeters
in diameter and weights at least 1 kilogram
▪ The athlete grips the discus with 1 hand, spins around
1 time (540 degrees), and releases it with a sidearm
motion to make a sail through the air
 DISCUS THROW EQUIPMENT

DISCUS PIT
https://youtu.be/HjQkmpDmunE
 HAMMER
▪ Consist of a steel wire with a metal ball attached to
one end and a handle fastened to the other end
▪ The entire hammer weighs 7.26 kilograms and
measures about 120 cm long
▪ Using both hands, the thrower grasps the handle and
spins around three or four times before releasing
Equipment:
https://youtu.be/XNLyGhFdnHw
JAVELIN THROW

▪ Spear made of metal or wood

▪ The men’s javelin measures from 2.6 to 2.7 meters
long and weighs at least 800 grams
▪ Women throw a javelin that is 2.2 to 2.3 meters long
and weighs at least 600 grams
▪ The thrower holds the javelin by a cord grip near the
center, runs with it, and then releases it with an
overhand throw while running
Types of Grip:
https://youtu.be/e2e_VbAjx5g
SHOT PUT
▪ A metal ball
▪ Men’s shot measure – 12 cm in diameter and weighs at least 7.26 kg
▪ Women’s shot measure – 10 cm in diameter and weighs at least 4 kg
▪ Competitors put (push) the shot rather than throw it
▪ The shot must be held against the neck to prevent any throwing
motion
▪ Athlete begins with a strong shove from one leg and finishes with a
powerful push of the arm
Shot put ball
Shot Put Stance
https://youtu.be/6iM5tVbsXt4
Bible Verse of the day…
THE END