POWER GENERATION

DR NAVDEEP KAUR
 POWER GENERATION IN INDIA
• India is the third largest producer of electricity in the world
• India's electricity sector is dominated by fossil fuels, in particular coal, which
produced about three-quarters of the country's electricity.
• The government declared its efforts to increase investment in renewable energy
• The government's draft National Electricity Plan of 2022 states that the country
does not need any more fossil fuel power plants in the utility sector until 2027,
aside from those currently under construction.
•  It is expected that non-fossil fuel generation contribution is likely to reach
around 44.7% of the total gross electricity generation by 2029–30.
 ELECTRIC POWER
• Electric power is the rate at which electrical energy is transferred by an electric
circuit.
• The SI unit of power is the watt, one joule per second.
• Standard prefixes apply to watts as with other SI units: thousands, millions and
billions of watts are called kilowatts, megawatts and gigawatts respectively.
• A common misconception is that electric power is bought and sold, but actually
electrical energy is bought and sold.
• For example, electricity sold to consumers is measured in terms of amounts of
energy, kilowatt-hours (kilowatts multiplied by hours), and not the rate at which this
energy is transferred.
 ELECTRIC POWER
• Electric power is usually produced by electric generators, but can also be
supplied by sources such as electric batteries.
• It is usually supplied to businesses and homes (as domestic mains electricity) by
the electric power industry through an electrical grid.
• Electric power can be delivered over long distances by transmission lines and
used for applications such as motion, light or heat with high efficiency.
Growth of Installed Capacity in India
 ELECTRICAL ENERGY
• Energy is a major part of life and not only just the economic infrastructure and hence this
being the basic energy needed for almost all the needs in life it is true that the energy is being
exhausted as days go by.
• Those energies that are continuously being formed in nature are termed nonconventional
energy or also called renewable energy sources.
• There are two prime sources of energy, namely, the conventional sources of energy, and the
non-conventional sources of energy.
• These are of various types depending on their sources.
• Conventional energy on the other hand is based on fossils and hence these are possibly going
to be extinct quite soon.
• Due to the energy sources being extinct quite soon it has become an important matter on how
to save these energies.
 ELECTRICAL ENERGY
• Electrical energy for home and commercial use is produced by machines
called generators.
• Generators convert mechanical energy to electrical energy.
• A generator consists of copper coils surrounded by magnets. Turbines are
usually connected to the copper coil of the generator by a shaft.
• When the turbines are turned, the spinning shaft will cause the copper coil
to spin and electrical energy is produced.
 ELECTRICAL ENERGY
• Electrical energy for home and commercial use is produced by machines called generators.
• Generators convert mechanical energy to electrical energy.
• A generator consists of copper coils surrounded by magnets. Turbines are usually connected
to the copper coil of the generator by a shaft.
• When the turbines are turned, the spinning shaft will cause the copper coil to spin and
electrical energy is produced.
• Generators require other sources of energy
• Conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy
• Electromagnetic Induction Turbine turns coils of wire in a magnetic field to produce a
current
 SOURCES OF ENERGY
• There are two prime sources of energy, namely, the Conventional Sources of Energy, and the
Non-conventional Sources of Energy.
• Energy is a major part of life and not only just the economic infrastructure and hence this
being the basic energy needed for almost all the needs in life it is true that the energy is
being exhausted as days go by.
• Those energies that are continuously being formed in nature are termed nonconventional
energy or also called renewable energy sources.
• These are of various types depending on their sources. Conventional energy on the other
hand is based on fossils and hence these are possibly going to be extinct quite soon.
• Due to the energy sources being extinct quite soon it has become an important matter on
how to save these energies.
SOURCES OF ENERGY
 CONVENTIONAL SOURCES OF ENERGY
• The energy sources that are present for a long time found naturally on or beneath the Earth
and take a long time to produce or replenish are known as conventional sources of energy.
• Generally, these are also non-renewable energy sources, which are present in a limited
quantity and are being consumed by human beings for many years now apart from hydro-
electric power.
• These non-renewable sources of energy are the decaying matters, which take over
hundreds of years to form, for example, coal, petroleum, etc.
• So, if they are depleted once, they can never be generated at a speed or pace, which could
sustain their rate of consumption.
• The conventional sources of energy can be further classified into two types, namely, the
commercial energy sources and the non-commercial energy sources.
 CONVENTIONAL SOURCES OF ENERGY
• Commercial energy sources: To get energy from these kinds of sources, we need to
pay for it.
• The consumption price depends on various factors like demand and supply,
availability, feasibility etc
• Non-commercial energy sources: The energy resources which are generally available
are free to use. Examples are firewoods, cow dung, and straw.
 NON-CONVENTIONAL SOURCES OF ENERGY
• Non-conventional sources are also known as renewable sources of energy.

• Examples of non-conventional sources of energy include solar energy, bioenergy, tidal energy and wind energy.
• Solar Energy is produced by sunlight. The light from the sun is used to generate electricity by trapping the solar
cells or photovoltaic cells within the panels.
• It is present in abundance although it can be only trapped during the daytime, during the hours of intense rays. It is
being used for lighting, heating, and others. 
• Wind Energy is generated by harnessing the power of wind
• Wind energy has been used for many years for grinding grains in mills.

• Although, in recent years, it has been used to generate electricity by harnessing the energy of winds by turbines
attached to substantial capacity generators.
• Usually, such wind farms are located near coastal areas or mountains with the high wind flow. In India, my desert
regions, like the outskirts of Gujarat and Rajasthan, have built substantial wind farms. 
• India stands as the second-largest country in the generation of wind power.
NON-CONVENTIONAL SOURCES OF ENERGY
• Tidal Energy is generated by exploiting the tidal waves of the sea by erecting dams.
• The narrow dams are built near the end of tides, where the turbines help to capture the
energy.
• India has vast tidal mill farms at the Gulf of Kachchh, while other countries include
Russia and France. 
• This source is yet to be tapped due to the lack of cost-effective technology.
• Nuclear Power Plants- Nuclear energy is acquired from nuclei atoms that occur
naturally in radioactive sources like uranium, thorium, and others.
• Nuclear fuels emit power when undergone in nuclear reactors.
• Globally, the USA and Europe are the largest nuclear power producers, although in
India, uranium is found in Jharkhand, and thorium is found in Kerala. 
NON-CONVENTIONAL SOURCES OF ENERGY
• Geothermal Energy: The heat acquired from the earth is geothermal energy.
• In many areas, hot springs are witnessed as part of geothermal energy.
• The heat from within the earth has been used for generating power.
• New Zealand, Iceland, Central America, and the USA have the largest geothermal power
plants.
• Some of the prominent geothermal resources in India include Puga Valley and
Chhumathang in Jammu and Kashmir, Manikaran in Himachal Pradesh, Jalgaon in
Maharashtra and Tapovan in Uttarakhand.