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    Nces PPT Unit 1

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    k rajendra
    Non-conventional energy source unit 1 ppt Introduction to renewable and nonrenewable energy sources and advantages, disadvantages

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    Nces PPT Unit 1

    Uploaded by

    k rajendra
    49 views30 pages
    Non-conventional energy source unit 1 ppt Introduction to renewable and nonrenewable energy sources and advantages, disadvantages

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    NCES PPT UNIT 1

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    Non-conventional energy source unit 1 ppt Introduction to renewable and nonrenewable energy sources and advantages, disadvantages

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    49 views30 pages

    Nces PPT Unit 1

    Uploaded by

    k rajendra
    Non-conventional energy source unit 1 ppt Introduction to renewable and nonrenewable energy sources and advantages, disadvantages

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 30

    NCES UNIT 1

    BY
    K.RAJENDRA
    EEE,BEC
    FORMS OF ENERGY
    There is an important principle stating that the total amount of energy in a closed system remains constant.
    Energy may change from one form to another, but the total amount in any closed system remains constant. This
    principle, known as ‘Conservation of energy’ is extremely important for understanding a variety of
    phenomena various forms of energy are :

    (a) Kinetic energy


    (b) Potential energy
    (c) Chemical energy
    (d) Electrical energy
    (e) Heat energy
    (f) Radiant energy
    (g) Nuclear (Mass) energy
    There are five ultimate primary sources of useful energy:
    1. The Sun.
    2. The motion and gravitational potential of the Sun, Moon and Earth.
    3. Geothermal energy from cooling, chemical reactions and radioactive decay in the Earth.
    4. Human-induced nuclear reactions.
    5. Chemical reactions from mineral sources.

    Renewable energy derives continuously from sources 1, 2 and 3 (aquifers). Finite energy
    derives from sources 1 (fossil fuels), 3 (hot rocks), 4 and 5. The sources of most significance
    for global energy supplies are 1 and 4. The fifth category is relatively minor, but useful for
    primary batteries, e.g. dry cells.
    COMPARISON BETWEEN RENEWABLE AND FINITE ENERGY SUPPLIES.
    ENVIRONMENTAL ENERGY FLOW ABC, HARNESSED ENERGY FLOW DEF.
    NATURAL ENERGY CURRENTS ON EARTH
    SHOWING RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS.
    UNITS TERAWATTS (TW) OR (10^12W)
    Sankey (‘spaghetti’) diagram
    PRIMARY SUPPLY TO END-USE
    Pie diagrams
    ENERGY PLANNING

    COMPLETE ENERGY SYSTEMS must be analysed, and supply should not


    be considered separately from end-use. Unfortunately precise needs for energy
    are too frequently forgotten, and supplies are not well matched to end-use.
    Energy losses and uneconomic operation therefore frequently result. For
    instance, if a dominant domestic energy requirement is heat for warmth and hot
    water, it is irresponsible to generate grid quality electricity from a fuel, waste the
    majority of the energy as thermal emission from the boiler and turbine,
    distribute the electricity in lossy cables and then dissipate this electricity as heat.
    Sadly such inefficiency and disregard for resources often occurs. Heating would
    be more efficient and cost-effective from direct heat production with local
    distribution. Even better is to combine electricity generation with the heat
    production using CHP – combined heat and power (electricity).
    SYSTEM EFFICIENCY
    The calculations can be most revealing and can pinpoint unnecessary losses. Here we define ‘efficiency’ as the
    ratio of the useful energy output from a process to the total energy input to that process.
    Consider electric lighting produced from ‘conventional’ thermally generated electricity and lamps. Successive
    energy efficiencies are:
    Electricity generation ≈30%, distribution ≈ 90% and incandescent lighting (energy in visible radiation, usually
    with a light-shade) 4–5%. The total efficiency is 1–1.5%. Contrast this with cogeneration of useful heat and
    electricity (efficiency ≈ 85%), distribution ≈ 90%! and lighting in modern low consumption compact
    fluorescent lamps (CFL) ≈ 22%!.
    The total efficiency is now 14–18%;
    a more than tenfold improvement!
    The total life cycle cost of the more efficient system will be much less than for the conventional, despite higher
    per unit capital costs, because
    (i) less generating capacity and fuel are needed,
    (ii) less per unit emission costs are charged, and
    (iii) equipment (especially lamps) lasts longer
    ENERGY MANAGEMENT

    Energy management is always important to improve


    overall efficiency and reduce economic losses. No
    energy supply is free, and renewable supplies are
    usually more expensive in practice than might be
    assumed. Thus there is no excuse for wasting energy of
    any form unnecessarily. Efficiency with finite fuels
    reduces pollution; efficiency with renewables reduces
    capital costs.

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