0NCM102 HEALTH ED Prelims

NCM 102
HEALTH EDUCATION
APRIL ANN F. FLORES, RN, LPT
INSTRUCTOR
Course Code: NCM 102
Descriptive Title: Health Education
Course Credit/number of hours/weeks: 3 units/ 3 hours per week
Course Description: This course deals with concepts and principles and theories in
teaching and learning.
Learning Outcomes:
 Apply knowledge of physical, social, natural and health sciences and humanities in
conducting health education in various setting
 Implement a health education plan for a specific client across the life span in various
settings utilizing the nursing process
 Apply evidence-based practices in health education.
 Apply legal ethical and moral principles related to health education
 Justify effectively in speaking and writing, and presenting using age and culturally
appropriate language in health education
 Discuss health education accurately and comprehensively
 Take part in collaboration with the team in the conduct of health education
Grading System:
Midterm/Final Exams 40%
Quizzes 30%
DAR 10%
Outputs 20%
Total 100%
Requirements/Output:
- Video presentation of health education/teachings
- Infographics/Pamphlets
- Essays
COURSE CONTENT
• PRINCIPLES AND THEORIES IN TEACHING AND LEARNING
• PRINCIPLES OF TEACHING AND LEARNING RELATED TO
HEALTH
• HEALTH EDUCATION PROCESS
• EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE RELATED TO HEALTH
EDUCATION
• ETHICO-MORAL AND LEGAL FOUNDATIONS OF CLIENT
EDUCATION
• HEALTH EDUCATION TEAM
• FUTURE DIRECTIONS FOR CLIENT EDUCATION
• FILIPINO CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS AND HEALTH
CARE BENEFITS AND PRACTICES IN HEALTH EDUCATION
• NEW TECHNOLOGIES. NEW SETTINGS. ENVIRONMENTAL
LINKAGES
REVIEW ON THE CONCEPT
OF HEALTH
Health is a word that was derived from the old English word
for heal which is HAEL.
- It means whole because health concerns the whole person
and his/her integrity, soundness or well-being
- The World Health Organization (WHO, 1946) defines
health as a “state of complete physical, mental and social
well-being and not merely the absence of disease and
infirmity”
Factors in the ecosystem which affect the optimum level of
functioning (OLOF)
Political factors – power and authority to regulate the environment
Behavioral – habits, their lifestyle, health care and child rearing practices
Hereditary – congenital defects, strengths, and health risks which can be familial, ethnic or
racial
Health care delivery system – primary health care is a partnership approach to the
effective provision of essential heath services that are community-based, accessible,
acceptable, sustainable and affordable
Environmental influences – the menace of pollution, communicable diseases due to poor
sanitation, poor garbage collection, smoking, utilization of pesticides
Socio-economic influence – families in lower income group are the ones mostly served
Health as a Basic Human Right is embodied in:
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Art. 25, Section 1 which
states that: “Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate
for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including
food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social
services and the right to security in the event of unemployment,
sickness, disability, widowhood, old age, or lack of livelihood in
circumstances beyond his control”.

Health as a Basic Human Right is embodied in:
Philippine Constitution of 1987, Art. XIII, Sec. 11, states that: “The
state shall adopt an integrated and comprehensive approach to health
development which shall endeavor to make essential goods, health and
other social services available to all the people at affordable cost.
World Health Organization (1995) believes that “governments have a
responsibility for the health of their people which can be fulfilled only by
the provision of adequate health and social measures.

Historical Development in Health Education
Health Education – is a process concerned with designing, implementing
and evaluating educational programs that enable families, groups,
organizations and communities to play active roles in achieving, protecting
and sustaining health.
– is also defined as “any combination of learning experiences designed
to facilitate voluntary adaptations of behavior conductive to health”
(Green et al, 1980)

In the Code of Ethics of the Society for Public Health
Education, Inc. (SOPHE) it states that “Health educators take
on profound responsibilities in using educational
processes to promote health and influence well-being”.
Its purpose is to contribute to health and well-being by

promoting lifestyles, community actions and conditions that
make it possible to live healthful lives.
Discipline has been defined as “a branch of knowledge or instruction”
(Landau, 1979)
Profession is defined as “an occupation that properly involves a liberal,

scientific or artistic education” (Landau, 1979)
Characteristics of a Profession(Upton, 1970)
• Provide a unique and essential social service
• Require of its members an extensive period of preparation
• Have a theoretical base underlying its practice
• Have a system of internal controls that tends to regulate the behavior
of its members
• Have a culture peculiar to the profession
• Be sanctioned by the community
• Have an association that is representative of all and can speak on
behalf of all the members of the occupation
Principles of Health Education (Hubley, 1983)
• Good health practices
• The use of preventive services like immunization, screening, antenatal
and child health clinics
• The correct use of medications and the pursuit of rehabilitation
regimens
• The recognition of early symptoms of disease and promoting early
referral
• Community support for primary health care and government control
measures
In developing countries, health education planning
should consider the following decisions:
• What is the desired change?

• Where should health education take
place?
• Who should carry it out?
• How should it be done?
HOW SHOULD EDUCATION BE CONDUCTED?
Demonstration – most useful method where the process of doing a
procedure is shown and the skills or techniques are practiced through return
demonstration
Word of mouth – is the most influential way of transmitting especially of oral

traditions which are usually conveyed by means of puppets or puppet shows,
dramatization, or sociodrama, role-playing, storytelling, music and songs
Use of audio –visual aids – leaflets, charts, posters, flashcards, flip charts
and flannel graphs
Film – showing – the use of modular instruction is also an effective medium

of instruction where the learner uses his/her senses of sight, hearing,
touching, smelling and even tasting
Characteristics of Effective Health Education
• It is directed at people who have influence in the community who are
also the opinion makers
• The lessons are repeated and reinforced over time using different
methods
• The lessons are adaptable and use existing channels of
communication like songs, drama and story telling
• It is entertaining and attracts the community’s attention
• Uses clear, simple language with local expressions
• It emphasizes short term benefits of action
• It provides opportunities for dialogue, discussion, and learner
participation
• It uses demonstrations to show the benefits of adopting the practices
The Nurse as an Educator
• Should possess the necessary attitude and competencies to effectively
create a productive atmosphere related to the teaching-learning process
(Alegado, 1996)
• Good teachers know how to help people become conscious of their own
values, to examine these values and to build for themselves those
values that are more satisfying to society

5 Levels of Competency in Nursing Practice
PATRICIA BENNER’S MODEL
 Novice - no exposure; task/skilled focused; rule follower
 Advanced Beginner - has some experience; past experience guides
action
 Competent - 2-3 years experience; good time management; planning;
thinks analytically
 Proficient - holistic understanding; uses experiences to anticipate needs
 Expert - flexible; intuitive; lots of experiences; just comes naturally
Paradigm shift in the concept of Health (WHO)
In 1995, the WHO issued a policy statement which included
a paradigm shift in the concept of health from being
“disease-centered to people-centered focusing on positive
health as part of human development…..a change from
physician-dependent cure or treatment modality to
preventive care and sustained health through people-
empowered healthy options”.
The Legal Basis of Health Education in the
Philippines
The Philippine Constitution of 1987, Art. 11, Sec.15 states that:
“The state shall protect and promote the right to health of the people
and instill health consciousness among them”
Section 11. “The state shall adopt an integrated and comprehensive

approach to health development which shall endeavor to make
essential goods, health and other social services available to all people
at affordable cost. There shall be priority for the needs of the
underprivileged sick, elderly, disabled, women and children”
The Legal Basis of Health Education in the
Nursing Curriculum
Rule IV, Art. VI, Sec. 28 of the Philippine Nursing Act of 2002 also
known as RA 9173 states the Duties of a Nurse
- Provide health education to individuals, families and communities
- Teach, guide and supervise students in nursing education programs

including the administration of nursing services in varied settings like
hospitals and clinics
Paradigm shift in the role of the Nurse
Educator
• The teacher used to be the “omnipotent fountain of wisdom, the transmitter of
information and knowledge, the all-knowing mentor”
• Today a paradigm shift has occurred where the focus of the teaching-learning
process has transferred from the teacher and the teaching endeavor to the
learner and the learning process
ROLE – is defined as a function, responsibility, job, duty, task, position or

behavior that includes accountability and responsibility for the position that one
holds
Heidgerken 1965. likewise, defines the role functions of the nurse educator as
the
- Instructional role; Faculty role; Individual role
The Nursing Core Competency Standards
• Safe quality nursing care
• Management of resources and environment
• Health education
• Legal responsibility
• Ethic-moral responsibilities
• Personal and professional development
• Quality improvement
• Research
• Records management
• Communication
• Collaboration and teamwork
Roles and Responsibilities of Health
Educators
• Assessing individual and community needs for health
education
• Planning effective health education programs
• Implementing health education programs
• Evaluating effectiveness of health education programs
• Coordinating provision of health education services
• Acting as a resource person in health education
• Communicating health and health education needs,concerns
and resources
Health educators have an obligation to:
• The people have a right to make decisions affecting their lives
• There is moral imperative to provide people with all relevant information
and resources possible to make their choices freely and intelligently
In the CODE OF ETHICS, Society for Public Health Education, Inc.,

Article IV deals with the responsibility in Employing Educational Strategies
and Methods and states that, “In designing strategies and methods, the
health educator…….should be aware of his/her possible impact on the
community and other health professsionals and must not place the burden
of change solely on the target population but must involve other
appropriate groups to bring about effective change”
THANK YOU!!!

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NCM 102

Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Art. 25, Section 1 which

states that: “Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate

food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social

services and the right to security in the event of unemployment,

sickness, disability, widowhood, old age, or lack of livelihood in

circumstances beyond his control”.

state shall adopt an integrated and comprehensive approach to health

development which shall endeavor to make essential goods, health and

other social services available to all the people at affordable cost.

World Health Organization (1995) believes that “governments have a

the provision of adequate health and social measures.

and evaluating educational programs that enable families, groups,

organizations and communities to play active roles in achieving, protecting

and sustaining health.

– is also defined as “any combination of learning experiences designed

to facilitate voluntary adaptations of behavior conductive to health”

(Green et al, 1980)

Its purpose is to contribute to health and well-being by

Profession is defined as “an occupation that properly involves a liberal,

• What is the desired change?

Word of mouth – is the most influential way of transmitting especially of oral

Film – showing – the use of modular instruction is also an effective medium

create a productive atmosphere related to the teaching-learning process

values, to examine these values and to build for themselves those

values that are more satisfying to society

Section 11. “The state shall adopt an integrated and comprehensive

- Provide health education to individuals, families and communities

- Teach, guide and supervise students in nursing education programs

ROLE – is defined as a function, responsibility, job, duty, task, position or

In the CODE OF ETHICS, Society for Public Health Education, Inc.,

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