Ucsp 082923

NOTRE DAME OF MAKILALA, INC.
Poblacion, Makilala, Cotabato
UNDERSTANDING
CULTURE, SOCIETY,
AND POLITICS
Tell Me About
Yourself
Directions:
1. Get one whole sheet of paper.
2. Write your name inside the circle.
3. Draw figure 1 on the one whole sheet of paper
4. Write the following information of yourself in the 4
spaces:
a. gender
b. socio-economic class
c. ethnicity
d. religion
ACTIVITY 1 Directions: Consolidate your answer from your
previous activity and answer the following
questions.
GENDER SOCIO- ETHNICITY RELIGION
ECONOMIC
CLASS

PROCESS QUESTION:
1. What are the similarities and

differences of every individual?
2. Do these similarities and differences
affect the life of the whole community?
Why?
LESSON 1: Starting points for the
understanding of culture, society,
and politics
WHAT IS
CULTURE?
CULTURE
A collection of learned behaviors, attitudes, and beliefs that

encompass both the material and non-material things which are
shared by all the members of a society
Culture is an important element of a society as it provides a

design or pattern of living for every member of a society to be
able to communicate and cooperate effectively from one
another.
WHAT IS CULTURAL
VARIATION?
CULTURAL VARIATION
Humans around the world have been separated by geographical

barriers; thus, allowing the creation of societies with different
cultures and traditions which eventually result to cultural variation.
EXAMPLE:
Western cultures perceive the color red as a danger or stop while
Turks associate this color with death. On the other hand, Chinese
people celebrate this color as symbol of fortune and luck.
SYMBOLS AND LANGUAGES
RELIGIONS VALUES AND BELIEFS

KEY
ELEMENTS
OF CULTURE
CUSTOM NORMS
LAWS AND POLITICS

SYMBOLS AND LANGUAGES
EXAMPLE:
Symbols and Languages
(verbal or non-verbal) Langgam:
represent the cultural reality In Tagalog – Bird
on one culture. In Bisaya – Ant
Culture use symbols and Palit:

languages to communicate with In Tagalog – exchange
one another as well as to shape In Bisaya – buy/purchase
the thoughts of the people.
RELIGION
Religion is an important element of a culture as it dictates the moral beliefs of

the which guide their everyday lives. According to Durkheim, without it, there
would be no social order, social control, and social cooperation.
EXAMPLE:
Arab countries share a common religion which is Islam. This can be observed
on their on way of living and in most of their laws which incorporate the
Sharia law of Islam. Although, there are now Arab countries who have
different religion, Arab countries are still dominated by Muslims.
VALUES AND BELIEFS
Values and beliefs act as guidelines

for the people in reference to what
is good, desirable, important, and
worthwhile.
When the people have different EXAMPLE:

values and beliefs, it can cause Christian and Muslim
conflict as the people might have conflicts in the Philippines
incompatible goals and perception
in life.
NOTE: EXAMPLE:
Take note that values and Superstitious beliefs like black
beliefs can be considered cats bring danger or a woman
true by a culture yet false sing who sings while cooking
by other culture or more will become a widow has no
specifically by scientific logical and scientific basis.
explanations.
NORMS
Norms are specific rules/standards to guide for appropriate behavior

(Arcinas, 2016). These are societal expectations that mandate specific
behaviors in specific situations (David and Macaraeg, 2010).
EXAMPLE:
Filipino males are expected to wear pants, not skirts and females are
expected to have a long hair not a short one like that of males
TWO TYPES OF NORMS DIFFERENT FORMS OF NORMS
a. Proscriptive norm • Mores are strict norms that control

defines and tells us things moral and ethical behavior; they
not to do are based on definitions of right
and wrong (Arcinas, 2016).
b. Prescriptive norm • Laws
defines and tells us things • Customs
to
CUSTOMS
A custom or folkways is a practice or a behavior that is common to a

particular class or group of people that is becomes an unwritten law
followed in a regular basis.
EXAMPLES:
We Filipinos eat with our bear hand.
LAWS AND POLITICS
Laws govern the everyday Politics govern the people depending on

decision making of the the characteristics of the leader who will
people as these can either lead them.
award them certain rights
and privileges or prevent Those who lead or in the top members
them from doing something of the society have the power to
or given them specific influence the actions or behaviors of the
obligations. majority.
EXAMPLE:
Certain aboriginal groups in Australia, Eskimos, Caribou Indians practice
Infanticide (the killing of infants) and Geronticide (the killing of old people).
These aboriginal groups practice these to reduce population in time of
famine when food is scarce.
On the other hand, many countries have laws which are against the practice
of infanticide and geronticide. These laws protect the lives of children and
old people.
WHAT IS
SOCIAL
DIFFERENCES
?
SOCIAL DIFFERENCES
Social Differences can be explained as the differences among individuals

on the basis of social characteristics and qualities.
It is important to understand the causes of social differences as this will

help us understand the social inequalities caused by denial,
marginalization, and alienation of a particular group of people which we
can observe in our communities and in other parts of the world.
ABILITY/EDUCATION
CLASS AGE
CAUSES OF
SOCIAL
DIFFERENCES
RACE GENDER
CLASS
Most cultures and societies have classes which categorize people

according to their social or economic status.
EXAMPLE:
In Hindu system, people are categorized under a caste system. One of the
groups in the system is known as the untouchables. The members of this
group is considered a unclean and impure which place them at the bottom
of the caste system and limited opportunities in life.
AGE
The “age” of a person is usually associated with “maturity” and “wisdom”

by different culture.
Some perceive older people weak while some perceive them as wise men
of a community.
EXAMPLE:
Older people are considered wiser by many societies and respected due to
their experiences.
Most societies protect children as they perceived weak and innocent.

RACE
Race comes from the idea that human beings are divided into distinct
groups which have certain shared and inherited physical and behavioral
characteristics.
Most of the time, people classify people with their race according to their
skin colors.
EXAMPLE:
American, Malay, Ethiopian/Black, Mongolian, and Caucasus
ABILITY/EDUCATION
The education level of a person dictates how one will perceive oneself in
contrast to other members of the society. Moreover, the higher the level of
education of a person the more opportunities he or she usually gets.
EXAMPLE:
Most companies today require at least a college-level of education for their
applicants. The higher the level of education of a person , the higher the
position he or she can get.
GENDER
Gender is the attitudes, EXAMPLE:

feelings, and behaviors that a Men are thought to be good at
given culture associates with a Math while women are not.
person’s biological sex.
Women are expected to be good
at household chores and cooking
as they need to take care of their
families when their get married.
SOCIAL
CHANGE
Social Change, it refers to any significant alteration over time
in behavior patterns and cultural value and norms. This change
is brought about by modernization and the impact of
globalizations they resulted to cultural change among Filipino
people.
Example:
Filipino way of Courtship
POLITICAL
IDENTITIES
The world is visibly divided into different
countries. Each country has its own political
system run its government. A government is
the system by which a state or community is
controlled so as to put order.
ACTIVITY 2
Group the class into 3 groups that has 10 members each. Each group will
be given 5 minutes to perform a certain topic given to them. (20 minutes)
ROLE PLAYING
CRITERIA:
 Content – 3 points
 Roles – 3 points
 Preparation – 2 points
 Overall Impression – 2 points
10 points
1.Why is culture important in our society?
2.As a student, how does our culture play a role
in our functions in the society?
QUIZ!
THANK YOU

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NOTRE DAME OF MAKILALA, INC.

Poblacion, Makilala, Cotabato

1. What are the similarities and

A collection of learned behaviors, attitudes, and beliefs that

Culture is an important element of a society as it provides a

Humans around the world have been separated by geographical

RELIGIONS VALUES AND BELIEFS

LAWS AND POLITICS

Culture use symbols and Palit:

Religion is an important element of a culture as it dictates the moral beliefs of

Values and beliefs act as guidelines

When the people have different EXAMPLE:

Norms are specific rules/standards to guide for appropriate behavior

a. Proscriptive norm • Mores are strict norms that control

A custom or folkways is a practice or a behavior that is common to a

Laws govern the everyday Politics govern the people depending on

Social Differences can be explained as the differences among individuals

It is important to understand the causes of social differences as this will

Most cultures and societies have classes which categorize people

The “age” of a person is usually associated with “maturity” and “wisdom”

Most societies protect children as they perceived weak and innocent.

Gender is the attitudes, EXAMPLE:

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