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    Lecture 2

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    Rossy
    This document provides an overview of database administration including defining what it is, common tasks, tools, and how to manage Oracle databases. It discusses that a DBA manages database performance, security, backups and more. It also describes how Oracle databases are organized with tablespaces, datafiles, redo logs and segments at the physical level and tables, indexes at the logical level. User account management is also covered including creating users, assigning privileges, roles, and quotas. The document shows how to start up and shut down an Oracle database instance using Oracle Enterprise Manager.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Lecture 2

    Uploaded by

    Rossy
    16 views33 pages
    This document provides an overview of database administration including defining what it is, common tasks, tools, and how to manage Oracle databases. It discusses that a DBA manages database performance, security, backups and more. It also describes how Oracle databases are organized with tablespaces, datafiles, redo logs and segments at the physical level and tables, indexes at the logical level. User account management is also covered including creating users, assigning privileges, roles, and quotas. The document shows how to start up and shut down an Oracle database instance using Oracle Enterprise Manager.

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    lecture 2

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    This document provides an overview of database administration including defining what it is, common tasks, tools, and how to manage Oracle databases. It discusses that a DBA manages database performance, security, backups and more. It also describes how Oracle databases are organized with tablespaces, datafiles, redo logs and segments at the physical level and tables, indexes at the logical level. User account management is also covered including creating users, assigning privileges, roles, and quotas. The document shows how to start up and shut down an Oracle database instance using Oracle Enterprise Manager.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    16 views33 pages

    Lecture 2

    Uploaded by

    Rossy
    This document provides an overview of database administration including defining what it is, common tasks, tools, and how to manage Oracle databases. It discusses that a DBA manages database performance, security, backups and more. It also describes how Oracle databases are organized with tablespaces, datafiles, redo logs and segments at the physical level and tables, indexes at the logical level. User account management is also covered including creating users, assigning privileges, roles, and quotas. The document shows how to start up and shut down an Oracle database instance using Oracle Enterprise Manager.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 33

    Basic Database Administration

    Guide to Oracle 10g 1


    Objectives

    • Define database administration.


    • Understand database administration tasks.
    • Perform database administration tasks using
    Oracle 11g Enterprise Manager.
    • Understand Oracle 11g and SQL Server data
    storage structures.

    2
    What is Database Administration?

    • A Function information technology (IT) department


    • Database Administrator (DBA)
    – Overall health / Performance
    – Manages Security
    – Setup Test and Dev. Environments
    • Avg $77K/year (BLS 2014)
    • http://
    www.bls.gov/ooh/computer-and-information-technol
    ogy/database-administrators.htm
    3
    Duties of the DBA

    • Manage Database Objects – Tables / Views /


    Procedures
    • Database performance
    • Security – Logons /Users / Roles
    • Clone data from Production to Development or
    Test
    • Manage backups and carry out DR plans.

    Guide to Oracle 10g 4


    DBA Tools Product Comparison

    Oracle 11g SQL Server


    • Oracle Enterprise Manager • SQL Server Management
    • Web-Based Studio
    • Client-Based

    Guide to Oracle 10g 5


    Oracle Enterprise Manager

    • User account must have DBA role


    • Oracle Enterprise Manager (OEM)
    – Three-tier architecture
    – Console
    • Oracle Management Server (OMS)
    – Interacts with repository
    – Makes it easier for DBAs to administer multiple
    databases in organization’s network
    6
    OEM Architecture

    7
    Managing Oracle 11g Data Storage

    • Like most DBMS’s the logical structures


    – Tables
    – Constraints
    – Views / Procedures
    • Can be stored in physical data structures
    – Files on disk
    – Dedicated drive partitions
    – RAM

    Guide to Oracle 10g 8


    Oracle 11g Data Structures
    • Tablespace
    – One or more Data Files
    • Segment
    – Partitioned Data
    • Extent
    – Growth rule for segment
    • Data block
    – Database storage data block
    – Operating system blocks

    9
    Tablespaces
    • One or more Data files
    • Stores all database structures + data
    – Tables, data, views, sp’s etc…

    Guide to Oracle 10g 10


    Datafiles

    • .dbf extensions
    • Store tablespace contents
    • Stored in Oracle_Base\oradata\SID
    • Use OEM to view and modify
    • Grow via Extents

    Guide to Oracle 10g 11


    Segments – They Partition the data

    12
    Extents – Smallest unit added to data
    file
    • Sequence of Data Blocks
    • When an insert grows beyond the data file size
    allocation, a new extent is added.
    • More efficient to add groups of data blocks vs.
    individual blocks.

    Guide to Oracle 10g 13


    Data Blocks – Smallest Unit
    Read/Written

    14
    Managing Oracle 11g Data Structures

    • Create tablespace
    • Manage datafile extents
    – Autoextensible tablespace
    • Configure tablespace and datafile properties

    • Demo!
    Guide to Oracle 10g 15
    Oracle 11g Database File Architecture

    16
    Parameter File

    • Text file
    • Specifies configuration information about Oracle
    10g database instance
    • init.ora
    – Stored in Oracle_Base\admin\SID\pfile folder
    • DBAs can edit parameter file
    – Modify database configuration

    Guide to Oracle 10g 17


    Control Files

    • Store information about database structure and


    state
    • Stored in Oracle_Base\oradata\SID
    • Three separate control files by default:
    – CONTROL01.CTL
    – CONTROL02.CTL
    – CONTROL03.CTL
    – All contain same data
    – At least one must be present
    18
    Redo Log Files

    • Records information to undo action query changes


    • .log extension
    • Stored in Oracle_Base\ORADATA\SID
    • Pre-image
    • Rollback segment

    Guide to Oracle 10g 19


    User Accounts

    20
    Creating and Managing User Accounts
    • Create new user account
    – General information about user account
    – System privileges user has in database
    – User’s tablespace quota on database server

    –Demo!

    Guide to Oracle 10g 21


    Specifying General User Information

    • Use OEM
    – General page:
    • Name
    • Profile
    • Authentication
    • Default tablespace
    • Temporary tablespace
    • Status

    Guide to Oracle 10g 22


    Specifying System Privileges

    • System privilege
    • Object privilege
    • Enable new user to interact with Oracle 10g
    database
    – DBA grants system privileges
    – Use System Privileges page in Create User page
    • Admin Option

    Guide to Oracle 10g 23


    Tablespace Quotas

    • Specifies amount of disk space that user’s


    database objects can occupy in default tablespace
    • Must be assigned
    • Quota Size value:
    – None, default
    – Unlimited
    – Value

    Guide to Oracle 10g 24


    Editing Existing User Accounts

    • Use OEM
    – Select user account to be modified on Users page
    – General page opens
    – Select other links to modify properties

    Guide to Oracle 10g 25


    Roles

    • Database object
    • Represents collection of system privileges
    • Assign to multiple users
    • Create role
    – Can inherit privileges from other roles
    • Grant Role to User Account
    • Easier than manually assigning everything
    manually.

    26
    Startup / Shutdown

    27
    Starting /Shutting Down the Db
    • Shut down database periodically
    – Perform maintenance
    • Restart database

    Guide to Oracle 10g 28


    Creating an Administrative Connection

    • Shutting down database makes database


    unavailable for user connections
    • DBA must log onto database using administrative
    connection
    • SYS user account

    Guide to Oracle 10g 29


    Using OEM to Shut Down and Start a
    Database Instance
    • DBA shuts down database instance using Normal,
    Transactional, or Immediate shutdown option
    – Shutdown process performs five following tasks:
    • Writes contents of data buffer cache to datafiles
    • Writes contents of redo log buffer to redo log files
    • Closes all files
    • Stops all background processes
    • Deallocates SGA in server’s main memory

    30
    Instance Options

    Startup Shutdown
    • Start in one of two modes: • Specify one of four ways to
    – Unrestricted handle existing user
    – Restricted connections:
    – Normal
    – Transactional
    – Immediate
    – Abort

    31
    Oracle 11g Database Instance States

    32
    Questions?

    Guide to Oracle 10g 33

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