U.3 Time Off

Unit 3
Time Off
Destination (n)
A place to which one is journeying or

to which something is sent
e.g. He enjoys traveling to remote and exotic destinations.

Excursion (n)
A usually brief pleasure trip
e.g. They went on a brief excursion to the coast.

Full board (adj.)
A type of accommodation in a hotel, etc…

that includes all meals.
e.g. Do you require full or half board?

Package tour (n)
A group of services related to
travel or vacations that are sold
together for one price
e.g. We had a package tour with a suitable price last year.

Round trip (n)
A trip to a place and back usually

over the same route
e.g. The round trip covered fewer than 600 miles.

Self-catering (adj.)
Provided with lodging and cooking

facilities but not meals
e.g. Last year we had a self-catering accommodation

and made our own meals.
Voyage (n)
A course or period of traveling by

other than land routes
e.g. He wrote about his many voyages into the South

Seas.
World Heritage Site
(n)
A landmark or area with legal protection by an
international convention administered by the
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cul
tural Organization
(UNESCO)
e.g. She flies to the Victoria Falls, a World Heritage

site, on Sunday.
Stunning (adj.)
 Strikingly impressive especially in

beauty or excellence
 A stunning view
e.g. Our room had a stunning view of the lake.

Blazing (adj.)
 burning very brightly and intensely

 a blazing fire
e.g. The blazing logs in the fireplace cast a warm glow

on our holiday party.
Culinary (adj.)
 ofor relating to the kitchen or

cookery
e.g. They serve a variety of culinary delights.

Reindeer (n)
a species of deer native to Arctic, tundra,

boreal, and mountainous regions
of Northern Europe
e.g. In better days, her reindeer would be working on

holiday films right now.
Beverages (n)
A drinkable liquids
e.g. Beverages are listed on the back of the menu.

Sled (n)
A vehicle usually on runners for

transportation especially on snow or ice
e.g. In better days, her reindeer would be working on

holiday films right now.
Slit (n/v)
A long narrow cut or opening
e.g. You could see through the slit in the fence.

SHOUL
MUST CAN
D
SHALL COULD
WILL
Modal MAY
Verbs
MIGH
WOULD
T
HAD
OUGHT
BETTE
TO R
Function: Obligation
HAS TO / HAVE
TO
MUST
* John can’t come because he has to work
tomorrow.
* I must call my dad tonight.

Prohibition
MUSTN´T
You mustn´t come late.

She mustn´t smoke here
Lack of necessity/obligation
DOESN´T HAVE TO
• She doesn’t have to come today. It´s
Sunday.
DON´T HAVE TO
• You don´t have to cook. We can eat out.
Suggestion and advice
SHOULD (NOT)
• You shouldn´t eat so much sugar.
• She should find a new job.
have
.In Britain many children …………. to uniform when they go to school.1
wear
2. Jack left before the end of the meeting.He …………. go home

had to
early.
must and see
3.When you come to London again, you ………… come
us
4.Paul doesn’t like his new job. Sometimes he ……………..
hasattoweekends.
work
must
5.She is a really nice person. You ………… meet her.
have to work harder if you want to pass the

6. You really ………………
exam
1.I don’t want anyone to know. You ………………mustn’t
tell anyone.
2. He …………..
doesn’t have to wear a suit to work but he usually
does.
mustn’ttouch that switch.It is
3. Whatever you do, you ……………..
very dangerous.
4.Don’ make so much noise. We ………………. mustn’twake the baby
up.
don’t haveclimb
5.There is alift in the building.So we …………….. to the
stairs.
mustn’t
6.I ……………..eat too much. I’m supposed to be on a diet.
don’t have
7.We’ve got plenty of time.We……………. to up.
hurry
 Liz is bored with his job.
She……………………………………
She should look for another job.
 Alison wants to improve her English.

She should study hard, learn new words and watch films in
English.
 Tom makes alot of noise in the class and doesn’t listen to

the teacher.
 He shouldn’t make a noise and he should listen to the

teacher
SHALL
 used to indicate future action in sentences with "I" or "we"

 used in suggestions
 more commonly heard in British English
 the negative form of it is “shan’t”.
 it can be used with “have to”
Examples:
1. I shall do it tomorrow.
2. Shall we go out later?
3. We shan’t go to school tomorrow.
4. We shall have to tell her the truth.
5. We shall phone him later.
WILL
 used to indicate voluntary action in the future

 used in to make promises
 used to make predictions
 the negative form of it is “won’t”.
Examples:
1. I promise that I will text you every day.

2. I will make dinner tonight.
3. He thinks it will rain tonight.
4. I will be a doctor when I grow up.
5. Dad won't be home before dinner.
WOULD
 used to create conditional forms

 repetition in the past
 past form of “will” commonly used in indirect speech
Examples:
1. If I were you, I wouldn't be so sure about that.

2. I knew that he would be very successful in his career.
3. When they first met, they would always go to that restaurant
near the beach.
4. I would never ask you to do that.
5. What would you do if you were in my position?
MUST
 used to indicate a high degree of probability

 to indicate necessity or obligation
 in the negative form, used to express prohibition
Examples:
1. This must be the right address!

2. Students must pass an examination to study at this school.
3. You must go to the dentist.
4. Jenny, you must not watch TV after 10!
5. I hear thunder, it must rain today.
CAN
 used to show ability or knowledge

 used to ask and give permission
 to show possibility or impossibility
 in the negative, opposes to “must”, showing high degree of
something not happening or not being true
Examples:
1. A hundred dollars for a single meal? It can't be right!

2. I can ride a bike.
3. We can stay at my brother's house instead of a hotel.
4. You cannot stay out after 10 PM.
5. Can you hand me the crayons?
6. Any person born in Brazil and 35 or older can be the president.
COULD
 used to indicate possibility in the past

 ability or knowledge in the past
 used to make suggestions
 used in polite requests
 it’s the past of “can”, commonly used in indirect speech
Examples:
1. Nancy could swim by the age of 8.

2. You could see a movie or go out to dinner.
3. Could I use your computer to check my emails?
4. We could go on the trip if I didn't have to work this weekend.
5. Melanie told her boss she couldn't arrive earlier yesterday,
that's why he fired her.
MAY
 used to indicate possibility

 used to give or request permission
Examples:
1. Cheryl may be at home by lunch time.

2. You may leave the table when you have finished your dinner.
3. Ms. Williams, may I come in?
4. Carl is coming home by bus. That piece of junk he calls his car
may be broken again.
5. The climate change report says that we may get out of food in
three decades or so.
MIGH
T
 used to indicate possibility (less than may)

 used in conditional sentences
 as the past of “may”, commonly used in indirect speech
 used to make requests
 used to make suggestions
Examples:
1. Your glasses might be in the living room.

2. If I didn't have to work, I might go with you.
3. You might visit the city library during your visit.
4. Might I borrow your pencil?
5. It might rain by the end of the week.
6. Sarah said she might be free this weekend.
SHOUL
D
 used to make recommendations

 used to show opinions
 used to show obligation
 used to show expectations
Examples:
1. When you go to Spain, you should visit Barcelona.

2. You should focus more on your family and less on work.
3. I really should be in the office by 7:00 AM.
4. By now, they should already be in Rome.
5. You shouldn't lie to me.
OUGHT TO
 used to advise
 used to give opinions
 used to make recommendations
 the negative form is not often used, normally replaced by
“shouldn’t”
Examples:
1. You ought to see a doctor.

2. Jim ought to get the promotion.
3. This stock ought to increase in value.
4. You ought to sue your neighbor for throwing garbage on the
driveway.
HAD BETTER
 used to express recommendation

 used to show desperate hope
 used to give advice
 it implies negative consequences if the advice is not followed
Examples:
1. You had better take your coat with you today.

2. That Uber had better get here soon!
3. You had better watch your tone when you talk to me!
4. She had better not keep drinking if she's driving us home.
Choose the best option:
1. You __ listen to your parents. 4. You __ get to work on time.

(advice) (advice)
a) will a) had better
b) can b) can
c) should c) will
2. Tomorrow __ be a better day. 5. I __ help you today, I’m busy.

(prediction) (impossibility)
d) will d) can’t
e) can e) shouldn’t
f) should f) shan’t
3. __ we go? (invitation) 6. They __ be at home by now.

g) Would (expectation)
h) Shall g) had better
i) Could h) should
i) would
Choose the best option:
7. People __ waste food. 10. I never thought I __ say that.

(opinion) a) will
a) shouldn’t b) would
b) couldn’t c) can
c) won’t
11. You __ do the same if you were
8. We __ plant more trees than there.
we cut. (advice) d) would
d) shall e) will
e) could f) can
f) had better
12. You __ think I’m a fool.
9. If you don’t study, you __ (probability)
flunk. g) might
g) would h) had better
h) will i) would
i) shall

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Unit 3

A place to which one is journeying or

e.g. He enjoys traveling to remote and exotic destinations.

A usually brief pleasure trip

e.g. They went on a brief excursion to the coast.

A type of accommodation in a hotel, etc…

e.g. Do you require full or half board?

e.g. We had a package tour with a suitable price last year.

A trip to a place and back usually

e.g. The round trip covered fewer than 600 miles.

Provided with lodging and cooking

e.g. Last year we had a self-catering accommodation

A course or period of traveling by

e.g. He wrote about his many voyages into the South

e.g. She flies to the Victoria Falls, a World Heritage

 Strikingly impressive especially in

e.g. Our room had a stunning view of the lake.

 burning very brightly and intensely

e.g. The blazing logs in the fireplace cast a warm glow

 ofor relating to the kitchen or

e.g. They serve a variety of culinary delights.

a species of deer native to Arctic, tundra,

e.g. In better days, her reindeer would be working on

e.g. Beverages are listed on the back of the menu.

A vehicle usually on runners for

e.g. In better days, her reindeer would be working on

A long narrow cut or opening

e.g. You could see through the slit in the fence.

* I must call my dad tonight.

You mustn´t come late.

2. Jack left before the end of the meeting.He …………. go home

have to work harder if you want to pass the

 Alison wants to improve her English.

 Tom makes alot of noise in the class and doesn’t listen to

 He shouldn’t make a noise and he should listen to the

 used to indicate future action in sentences with "I" or "we"

 used to indicate voluntary action in the future

1. I promise that I will text you every day.

 used to create conditional forms

1. If I were you, I wouldn't be so sure about that.

 used to indicate a high degree of probability

1. This must be the right address!

 used to show ability or knowledge

1. A hundred dollars for a single meal? It can't be right!

 used to indicate possibility in the past

1. Nancy could swim by the age of 8.

 used to indicate possibility

1. Cheryl may be at home by lunch time.

 used to indicate possibility (less than may)

1. Your glasses might be in the living room.

 used to make recommendations

1. When you go to Spain, you should visit Barcelona.

1. You ought to see a doctor.

 used to express recommendation

1. You had better take your coat with you today.

1. You __ listen to your parents. 4. You __ get to work on time.

2. Tomorrow __ be a better day. 5. I __ help you today, I’m busy.

3. __ we go? (invitation) 6. They __ be at home by now.

7. People __ waste food. 10. I never thought I __ say that.

1. You listen to your parents. 4. You get to work on time.

2. Tomorrow be a better day. 5. I help you today, I’m busy.

3. we go? (invitation) 6. They be at home by now.

7. People waste food. 10. I never thought I say that.