Introdution To Satellite (Group 3)

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INTRODUTION TO
COMUNICATION
SATELLITE
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TẤN Vĩ
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INTRODUT
ION TO
COMUNIC
ATION
(Vệ tinh thông tin)
SATELLIT
E
Bắt đầu thuyết trình!
INTRODUTION TO
COMUNICATION SATELLITE
Đang tải…
CONTENT
1.BRIEF HISTORY
2.TECHNICAL OVERVIEW
3.STANDARDS INFORMATION
4.THE USE OF THIS TECHNOLOGY TODAY
Brief history
What is a satellite ?
-A satellite is an object that moves around a larger object.
-Earth and Moon are called “Natural” satellites.
-“Man-made” satellites are machines made by scientists.
-These machines are launched into space and orbit Earth or another body
in space.
Why are satellites important?
-Satellites fly high in the sky, so they can see large areas of earth at one
time.
-Satellites also have a clear view of space.
-Before the invention of satellites, TV signals didn’t go very far.
-TV signals only travel in straight lines. So they would go off into space
instead of following Earth’s curve.
-Sometimes they would be blocked by moutains or tall buildings.
-Phone calls to far away places were alse a problem. It costs a lot and it is
hard to set up telephone wires over long distances or underwater
-With satellites, TV signals and phone calls can be sent up to a satellite. The
satellite can then send them back down to different spots on Earth.
What are the parts of a satellite??
-Satellites come in many shapes and sizes. But most have at least two parts in commom. They are an antenna
and a power source.
-The antenna is used to send and receive information.
-The power source can be a solar panel or battery.
-Solar panels make power by turning sunlight into electricity.
-Many satellites carry cameras and scientific sensors. They may gather information about Earth’s land, air
and water.
-Or they may collect data from the solar system and universe.
Fist satellite in space !!
-The Soviet Union was the first to launch a satellite into space.
-The satellite was launched in 1957 and was called “Sputnik 1”.
-Nasa has launched many satellites into space.
-The first was “Explorer 1” in 1958.
-Explorer was America’s first man-made satellite.
Incredible India
-India has launched 64 satellites (as of 25 February 2013) of many types.
-The first satellite was Aryabhata launched on 19-04-1975. It is a experimental/small satellite.
-The organization responsible for Indian satellites is the Indian Space Research organization (ISRO).
Cost
-Launching satellites is not cheap business!!
-They cost a lot of money(in fact Millions of Dollars) to design, construct, launch and to monitor.
-Running a satellite at a 36MHz bandwidth will cost over $1.5 million a year.
Technical overview
How do satellites work??

-Two stations on earth want to communicate through radio
broadcast but are too far away to use conventional means.
-The two stations can use satellite as a relay station for their
communication.
-One Earth Station sends a transmission to the satellite. This is
called Uplink.
-The satellite Transponder converts the signal and sends it down to
the second earth station. This is called a Downlink.
Satellite orbits
-GEO(Geo stationary Earth Orbit)
-MEO(Medium Earth Orbit)
-LEO(Low Earth Orbit)
Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO)
-These satellites are in orbit 35,863 km above the earth’s surface along the equator.
-Object in Geostationary orbit revolve around the earth at the same speed as the
earth rotates. This means GEO satellites remain in the same position relative to the
surface of earth.
GEO (cont.)
+Advantages
A GEO satellite’s distance from earth gives it a large coverage area, almost a fourth of
the earth’s surface.
GEO satellites have a 24 hour view of a particular area.
These factor make it ideal for satellite broadcast and other multipoint applications.
+Disadvantages
A GEO satellite’s distance also cause it to have both a comparatively weak signal and
a time delay in the signal, which is bad for point to point communication.
GEO satellites, centered above the equator, have difficulty broadcasting signal to
near polar regions.
Medium Earth Orbit (MEO)
A MEO satellite is in orbit somewhere between 8000 km and 18000
km above the earth’s surface.
MEO satellites are similar to LEO satellites in functionality.
MEO satellites are visible for much longer periods of time than LEO
satellites, usually between 2 to 8 hour.
MEO satellites have a larger coverage area than LEO satellites.
MEO (cont.)
+ Advantage
A MEO satellite’s longer duration of visibility and wider footprint
means fewer satellites are needed in a MEO network than a LEO
network.
+ Disadvantage
A MEO satellite’s distance gives it a longer time delay and weaker
signal than a LEO satellite, through not as bad as a GEO satellite.
Low Earth Orbit (LEO)
-LEO satellites are much closer to the earth than GEO satellites, ranging from
500 to 1500 km above the surface.
-LEO satellites don’t stay in fixed position relative to the surface, and are only
visible for 15 to 20 minutes each pass.
-A network of LEO satellites is necessary for LEO satellites to be useful.
+ Advantages
- A LEO satellite’s proximity to earth compared to a GEO satellite gives it a
better signal strength and les of a time delay, which makes it better for point
to point communication.
- A LEO satellite’s smaller area of coverage is less of a waste of bandwidth
+ Disadvantages
- A network of LEO satellites is needed , which can be costly
- LEO satellites have to compensate for Doppler shifts cause by their relative
movement.
- Atmospheric drag effects LEO satellites, causing gradual orbital
deterioration
STANDARDS
INFORMATION
Types of Satellites
+ Astronomical satellites are satellites used for observation of distant planets,
galaxies, and other outer space objects.
+Communications satellites are artificial satellites stationed in space for the
purposes of telecommunications using radio at microwave frequencies. Most
communications satellites use geosynchronous orbits or near-geostationary
orbits, although some recent systems use low Earth-orbiting satellites.
+Earth observation satellites are satellites specifically designed to observe Earth
from orbit, similar to reconnaissance satellites but intended for non-military
uses such as environmental monitoring, meteorology, map making etc.
+Navigation satellites are satellites which use radio time signals transmitted to
enable mobile receivers on the ground to determine their exact location. The
relatively clear line of sight between the satellites and receivers on the ground,
combined with ever-improving electronics, allows satellite navigation systems to
measure location to accuracies on the order of a few meters in real time.
Types of Satellites (cont)
+ Reconnaissance satellites are Earth observation satellite or communications satellite deployed for military or intelligence
applications.
+Space stations are man-made structures that are designed for human begins to live on in outer space. A space station is
distinguished from other manned spacecraft by its lack of major propulsion or landing facilities-instead, other vehicles are
used as transport to and from the station. Space stations are designed for weeks, months, or even years.
+ Weather satellites are satellites that primarily are used to monitor the weather and/or climate of the Earth.
+Drag-free satellites are satellites that offers an environment that is as isolated as possible from the forces of nature. A
properly designed drag-free-satellite proof mass is uncoupled from the rest of the Universe to a remarkable degree.
+Miniaturized Satellites are satellites of unusually low weights and small sizes. New classifications are used to categorize
these satellites: mini satellite (500-200kg), microsatellite (below 100kg), nanosatellite (below 10kg).
The use of Satellite today
 Radio, TV broadcasting, Business radio

 Telephony
 Thin route or trunk telephony
 Mobile satellite telephony
 LEO-based telephony
 GEO-based telephony
 Data, broadband and multimedia services

 IP over satellite for ISPs
 Corporate or institutional VSAT networks
 End-user services for home or small office
 Mobile data communications
Advantages of Satellites
 Higher bandwidths are available for use.
 Satellite to satellite communication is very precise.
 The coverage area of a satellite greatly exceeds that of a terrestrial
communication.
 Transmission cost of a satellite I independent of the distance from the
center of the coverage area.
Disadvantages of Satellites
 Launching satellites into orbits is costly
 Satellite bandwidth is gradually becoming used up.
 There is a larger propagation delay in satellite communication than in
terrestrial communication.
Thanks
for
Listening!

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How do satellites work??

 Radio, TV broadcasting, Business radio

 Data, broadband and multimedia services

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