College Algebra

What did we learn in previous
weeks?
Sets
-basic concepts of a Set
( 2 methods, element, subset, equal, not equal)
-set operations and Venn diagrams
( union, intersection, complement, disjoint)
The set of real numbers
- natural numbers, whole numbers, integers, rational and
real numbers.
juicy cordero-valdueza
 IDENTIFY IF THE FOLLOWING NUMBERS ARE
IRRATIONAL OR RATIONAL?
 THEN IF RATIONAL, IDENTIFY IF NATURAL,

WHOLE NUMBER? INTEGER?
1.) 0.26
2.) -1/4
3.) 0
4.) SQUARE ROOT OF 5
5.) ∏
 RULES IN ALGEBRA
1. Properties of Real Numbers:
1.1 Commutative Property of Addition:

a+b=b+a
1.2 Commutative Property of Multiplication
axb=bxa
1.3 Associative Property of Addition
a + (b + c) = (a + b) + c
1.4 Associative Property of Multiplication
a (b x c) = ( a x b) c
1.5 Left Distributive Property

a ( b + c) = ab + ac
1.6 Right Distributive Property

( a + b)c = ac + bc
1.7 Additive Identity Property

a+0=a
1.8 Multiplicative Identity Property
a (1) = a
1.9 Additive Inverse Property

a + (-a) = 0
1.10 Multiplicative Inverse Property

a (1/a) = 1
OTHER PROPERTIES
 PROPERTIES OF ZERO
a. a x 0 = 0
b. If (a/b) = 0 , then a=0
c. If ab = 0, then a=o or b=o

 PROPERTIES OF NEGATIVES
-(-a) = a
(-a)b = a(-b)
(-a)(-b) = ab
-a = (-1)a
 PROPERTIES OF EQUALITY
a. Reflexive property a=a
b. Symmetric property if a=b, then b=a
c. Transitive property if a=b, and b=c, then a=c
d. Addition property if a=b, then a + c = b + c
e. Multiplication property if a= b, then ac = bc
f. Substitution property if a = b-c, b=3; c=2;

then a=3-2
EXAMPLE:
 TELL WHICH PROPERTIES OF REAL

NUMBERS ARE THE FOLLOWING:
1.) ( ½) + (-1/2) =0
2.) [(m+2)3]t = [(3(m+2)]t
3.) (2 + 3) + 8 = 2 + (3 + 8)
QUIZ#2
 IDENTIFY THE PROPERTY THAT IS
ILLUSTRATED IN EACH CASE:
1.) 5 x 9 = 9 x 5 7.) 1235 x 0 = 0

2.) 3 x ( 1/3) = 1 8.) 245 + 0 =245
3.) 1 x 345 = 345 9.) -8 + 8 = 0
4.) 3 + (5 +a) = (3 + 5) + a 10.) -4(x-5) = -4x + 20
5.) 4x +6x = (4 + 6) x 11-15.) change 2.25 into
6.) 7 + (x+3) = 7 + (3 + x) improper fraction (5 pts)
Algebraic Expressions
 Are formed by using constants and variables

and the algebraic operations of addition,
subtraction, multiplication, the raising to
powers(evolution) and the extraction of roots
(involution).
Example:
Literal numbers / variables

 x² + 3x -12
Literal coefficient
Numerical coefficient
Term
- part or component of an expression when the
expression is composed of parts connected by a (+)
and (-) sign.
 Monomial – algebraic expression of one term
ex. 3axy
 Binomial – two terms

ex. x² -2xy
 Trinomial – three terms

ex. x² -2xy + y²
 Multinomial or Polynomial – two or more terms
What is the degree of the
polynomial?
 If the term in a polynomial has one variable as
a factor, then the degree is the power of the
variable.
 If two or more variables are present in a term

as factors, then the degree will be the sum of
the powers of the variables.
 the highest sum of variable exponents in the

polynomial.
Examples:
Find the degree of the
following:
 5x³
 5bx²y³z
 3x³-4xy-34
Difference between like terms
and unlike terms…
 Like terms
3x²y 5xyx 6yx²
Unlike terms
6x 5y 3x²
Symbols for grouping
 Parenthesis ( )
 Brackets [ ]
 Braces { }
 Vinculum _____
Rules in removing symbol of
grouping:
 Removing a symbol of grouping preceded by a

minus sign changes the signs of all terms
previously enclosed by that symbol.
 Example: x-(y +z) = x-y-z
 If the sign preceding a symbol of grouping is
the plus sign, removal of that symbol of
grouping does not affect the signs of the
terms previously enclosed by it.
 Example: x + ( y + z) = x + y + z
Powers and Exponents
 In general,
am
For any positive integer m is used to represent
the product of m factors each equal to a.
 example: a3 = a.a.a
Examples:
 (-3)2
 (x2) 3
 (x y)3
 ( x 3 / x 7 )2
Order of Operations
 MDAS
multiplication
division
addition
subtraction
note:
Expression within a parenthesis should be
evaluated first. Fraction line and the radical
sign act like parenthesis.
Example:
Evaluate the following expression

using the correct order of
operation.
 (3-2)(-3)² + 2(-6 x 3) = ?
 ( 33 ) ( 5) – 4 (-6 + 2) = ?
Operations on Polynomials
 Addition
 Examples:
1.) (3x2 + 5x – 3) + (x3 – 2) = ?
2.) (5x – y) + (-5x + 8y) = ?
 Subtraction
 Examples:
 1.) (3z2 – 2z -5) – (z2 – 5) = ?
 2.) subtract ( 5x5 – 4x) from the sum of

( 3x5 + 2) and ( x5 + 5x )
 Multiplication
 Examples:
 1. (3x2y3) ( 2xy6) = ?
 2. (x3 + 2x2 + 6) ( 5x – 2) = ?
Quiz next meeting…
Quiz #3

College Algebra

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What did we learn in previous

 THEN IF RATIONAL, IDENTIFY IF NATURAL,

4.) SQUARE ROOT OF 5

1. Properties of Real Numbers:

1.1 Commutative Property of Addition:

1.5 Left Distributive Property

1.6 Right Distributive Property

1.7 Additive Identity Property

1.9 Additive Inverse Property

1.10 Multiplicative Inverse Property

b. If (a/b) = 0 , then a=0

c. If ab = 0, then a=o or b=o

a. Reflexive property a=a

b. Symmetric property if a=b, then b=a

c. Transitive property if a=b, and b=c, then a=c

d. Addition property if a=b, then a + c = b + c

e. Multiplication property if a= b, then ac = bc

f. Substitution property if a = b-c, b=3; c=2;

 TELL WHICH PROPERTIES OF REAL

2.) [(m+2)3]t = [(3(m+2)]t

1.) 5 x 9 = 9 x 5 7.) 1235 x 0 = 0

 Are formed by using constants and variables

Literal numbers / variables

 Binomial – two terms

 Trinomial – three terms

 Multinomial or Polynomial – two or more terms

 If two or more variables are present in a term

 the highest sum of variable exponents in the

3x²y 5xyx 6yx²

 Removing a symbol of grouping preceded by a

 Example: x-(y +z) = x-y-z

Evaluate the following expression

2.) (5x – y) + (-5x + 8y) = ?

 1.) (3z2 – 2z -5) – (z2 – 5) = ?

 2.) subtract ( 5x5 – 4x) from the sum of

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