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    Polar and Non Polar

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    Rowena Flores
    The document discusses the characteristics of polar and nonpolar bonds, explaining that polar bonds result from unequal sharing of electrons between atoms based on their electronegativity values, while nonpolar bonds share electrons equally. Experiments are described to determine molecular polarity based on solubility in water, with polar molecules dissolving and nonpolar molecules not dissolving. Properties like melting and boiling points are also affected by molecular polarity.

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    Polar and Non Polar

    Uploaded by

    Rowena Flores
    38 views22 pages
    The document discusses the characteristics of polar and nonpolar bonds, explaining that polar bonds result from unequal sharing of electrons between atoms based on their electronegativity values, while nonpolar bonds share electrons equally. Experiments are described to determine molecular polarity based on solubility in water, with polar molecules dissolving and nonpolar molecules not dissolving. Properties like melting and boiling points are also affected by molecular polarity.

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    POLAR AND NON POLAR

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    The document discusses the characteristics of polar and nonpolar bonds, explaining that polar bonds result from unequal sharing of electrons between atoms based on their electronegativity values, while nonpolar bonds share electrons equally. Experiments are described to determine molecular polarity based on solubility in water, with polar molecules dissolving and nonpolar molecules not dissolving. Properties like melting and boiling points are also affected by molecular polarity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    38 views22 pages

    Polar and Non Polar

    Uploaded by

    Rowena Flores
    The document discusses the characteristics of polar and nonpolar bonds, explaining that polar bonds result from unequal sharing of electrons between atoms based on their electronegativity values, while nonpolar bonds share electrons equally. Experiments are described to determine molecular polarity based on solubility in water, with polar molecules dissolving and nonpolar molecules not dissolving. Properties like melting and boiling points are also affected by molecular polarity.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 22

    PHYSICAL

    SCIENCE
    ROWENA M. FLORES
    SUBJECT TEACHER
    POLAR AND NON POLAR
    BONDS
    • Polar and non-polar bonds are
    covalent bonds. Polar bond is
    unequal sharing of electrons
    whereas non-polar bonds are equal
    sharing of electrons.
    • The type of bond can be determined
    from electronegativity difference
    between combining atoms.
    • Electronegativity difference is
    obtained by the electronegativity
    values of elements obtained from
    the periodic table.
    Type of Bond Value of
    Electronegativity
    Diifference

    Ionic 1.7 or more


    Polar Covalent Less than 1.7
    Non-polar
    Covalent 0 – 0.4
    EXAMPLE

    Compound Electronegativity
    Value
    Electronegativity
    Difference
    Type of
    Bond

    MgCl2 Mg = 1.2
    Cl = 3.0 1.8 Ionic
    H2o H = 2.1
    O = 3.5 1.4 Polar
    Covalent
    Br2 Br = 2.8 0 Non-polar
    covalent
    •A polar bond is
    generally an unfair
    bond: one is more tight
    while the other is rather
    loose.
    •ionic bond—a result of an
    unequal and big difference
    in electronegativities of
    elements involved in the
    bond
    •nonpolar bond is a fair bond:
    the electronegativities of the
    elements concerned are
    equal, as well as the sharing
    of electrons (this usually
    occurs in covalent bonds
    DETERMINING THE POLARITY OF A MOLECULE

    • First, recall how to draw the Lewis


    structure and apply it to an example. In
    this case, let’s have the molecule C (more
    commonly known as carbon dioxide.
    • Lewis structure of C: O C O
    •
    • 2. Find the electronegativity (EN) difference of
    each bond. Use a periodic table of elements for this
    • If the EN difference of the bond is greater than 0.4,
    it is polar but if it is lesser than 0.4, it is nonpolar. If
    ALL of the bonds in the molecule is nonpolar, the
    molecule is automatically nonpolar. However, if one
    bond is polar, continue with the steps.
    • 3. If the central atom has no lone pairs
    (unpaired electrons) with all of the other
    atoms around it the same, the molecule
    is considered to be nonpolar. If the
    central atom has lone pairs (unpaired
    electrons) with all of the other atoms
    around it different, the molecule is
    possibly polar.
    • 4. Draw a sketch for the
    molecule which will essentially
    help you identify if the molecule
    is asymmetrical (polar) or
    symmetrical (nonpolar).
    • Properties: this refers to the behaviour of an entity or an object.
     Solubility: this is a physical property that refers to the ability of
    a molecule to dissolve
    in a solvent.
     Melting point: this is a property that refers to the temperature
    when a molecule starts
    to melt.
     Boiling point: this is a property that refers to the temperature
    when a molecule starts to
    boil.
    Solubility. This is the ability of a molecule
    to be dissolved in a solvent.
    Melting point—temperature when a
    molecule starts to melt or transition into a
    liquid state
    Boiling point—temperature when a
    molecule starts to boil or transition into a
    gaseous state.
    SOLUBILITY

     The general law for solubility among molecules is


    that polar molecules can be dissolved in polar
    solvents (polar to polar) and nonpolar molecules
    can be dissolved in nonpolar solvents (nonpolar to
    nonpolar).
    MELTING AND BOILING POINT

    • Polar molecules usually have Hydrogen


    bonds. Hydrogen bond is a big thing in
    bonding because this means a stronger
    attraction.
    ACTIVITY 2: POLARITY AT WORK

    Instructions:
    Make sure to follow the procedure carefully and
    that your materials are ready.
    Objective:
    Understand how properties of molecules behave due to
    polarity works in a larger scale.
    MATERIALS:
    Tablespoon of oil 1 bottle of nail polish
    Tablespoon of salt clean spoon for stirring
    Tablespoon of sugar permanent marker

    4 glasses of clear water, separate 1 whole sheet of paper


    (considered as 2 points as one)
    PROCEDURE:

    1.In each glass , label them accordingly with A, B, C, and D.


    2.On your paper, write the following table:
    Molecules: When Mixed in Water:

    a.Oil
    b.Salt

    c. Sugar
    d.drops of nail polish
    3.On the second column, “When Mixed in Water” answer them one
    by one and mix your samples in their designated glasses of water.
    4. Answer the following questions below the table on your paper:
    a.Which sample of molecules did not dissolve in the water?
    b.Which sample of molecules dissolved in the water?
    c. If water is polar, what is the polarity of the molecules that didn’t
    dissolve in the water?
    d.If water is polar, what is the polarity of the molecules that
    dissolved in the water?
    END OF ACTIVITY.

    PARTS POINTS
    Materials 16 (with pictures)
    Table Answers 8 (2 points each item)

    Questions 10 (with 1 picture per procedure, total of 4)

    TOTAL POINTS: 34/34

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